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203 - Theme 2 - Reproductive System, Fetal Development, Pregnancy and Birth > L2 Defining the reproductive tracts > Flashcards

L2 Defining the reproductive tracts Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of reproductive tracts in BOTH genders? (3)

A

production, storage and delivery of germ cells

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2
Q

What is the function of rep organs in females?

A

sustain and support developing foetus/embryo

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3
Q

3 main components in reproductive system of both genders?

A

gonads

internal ducts

external genitalia

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4
Q

Reproductive system in females: gonads

A

ovaries

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5
Q

Reproductive system in females: internal ducts

A

uterine/fallopian tube

uterus

cervix

vagina

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6
Q

Reproductive system in females: external genitalia

A

vulva (clitoris, vestibule, labia)

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7
Q

Ovaries: location

A

housed in lateral wall of pelvis, inferior to pelvic inlet

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8
Q

Ovaries: appearance

A

‘greek olive’ shape

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9
Q

Ovaries: function (2)

A

egg production

hormone secretion

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10
Q

Ovaries: blood supply

A

gonadal arteries and veins

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11
Q

Ovaries: nerve supply

A

ovarian plexus (abdomen)

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12
Q

Contents of the ovaries?

A

Ovarian cortex:

ovarian follicles - germ cells to become ova

smooth muscle cells

corpus luteum - secretes progesterone

theca secrete androgens and granulose convert to oestrogen

Ovarian medulla:

blood/lymph vessels and nerves

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13
Q

Internal duct system - female

A

ova travel - exiting the ovaries, within the abdomen:

fallopian tubes

uterus

cervix

vagina

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14
Q

Pelvic viscera - female (4 labels)

A

bladder

uterus

fallopian tube

ovary

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15
Q

Description of the fallopian tubes (4)

A

passageway from ovaries to uterus (passage of ovum)

thin 8-10cm long tube

finger-like projections (fimbriae) capture released ovum

structurally composed of 3 areas: infundibulum, ampulla and isthmus

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16
Q

Function of the fallopian tubes (2)

A

inner wall contain cilia that propel ovum

normally the site of fertilisation

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17
Q

VAN of fallopian tubes

A

branches from uterine + ovarian arteries and veins

innervation: symp from ovarian (abdomen) and parasymp from pelvic splanchnic nerves

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18
Q

What are the 2 parts of the uterus?

A

body - cone shaped, upper 2/3

cervix - cylindrical, lower 1/3

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19
Q

What is the uterus the site of?

A

implantation of fertilised egg and foetus development

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20
Q

What are the 3 layers in the wall of the uterus?

A

perimetrium - outer serous wall covering the uterus

myometrium - thick muscular layer, responsible for process of parturitium

endometrium - inner mucous layer; site of implantation; thickness changes through menstrual cycle

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21
Q

Innervation of uterus

A

symp from hypogastric plexus (along uterine artery)

parasymp via the pelvic splanchnic nerves

note: also vagina

touch and pain (birth): via somatic afferents to S2-S4

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22
Q

Internal ducts - vasculature (4)

A

ovarian vessels

uterine vessels

vaginal arteries

internal pudendal artery

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23
Q

Broad ligament picture (4 labels)

A

broad ligament

suspensory ligament

mesosalpinx

ovarian ligament

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24
Q

Cervix (4)

A

inferior portion of uterus; cylindrical tube

thick muscular layer - supports developing foetus

lumen - cervical canal

constricted openings at ends (os):

  • internal os
  • external os
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25
Q

What does the internal os communicate with?

A

uterus

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26
Q

What does the external os communicate with?

A

vagina

27
Q

The vagina is what kind of tube and approx how long?

A

Musculomembranous tube

7-9cm long

28
Q

What two anatomical structures does the vagina link together?

A

links the cervix of the uterus with the vulva (vestibule)

29
Q

Functions of the vagina (3)

A

canal for menstruation

receives penis during copulation (semen)

forms part of birth canal

30
Q

External genitalia - female (7 labels)

A

mons pubis

prepuce

labia majora

labia minora

clitoris

urethral opening

vaginal opening

31
Q

What does the labia minora enclose?

A

the vestibule (openings for vagina and urethra) and the clitoris

32
Q

Functions of labia, urethra, clitoris and Bartholin

A

labia - copulatory organ

urethra - outflow of urine

clitoris - arousal (erectile tissue)

Bartholin - lubrication of vestibule

33
Q

Blood supply and drainage of external genitalia

A

pudendal artery (erectile) & vein

34
Q

Innervation of external genitalia

A

branches of genitofemoral and pudendal nerves (e.g. dorsal nerve of clitoris)

35
Q

Reproductive system in males - gonads

A

testis

36
Q

Reproductive system in males - internal ducts

A

efferent ductules

epididymis

vas deferens

accessory glands (e.g. prostate)

urethra

37
Q

Reproductive system in males - external genitalia

A

penis

scrotum

38
Q

Location of testis

A

housed in scrotum

39
Q

Appearance in testis

A

small egg-shaped

40
Q

Function of testis (2)

A

sperm production

hormone secretion

41
Q

VAN of testis

A

gonadal arteries and veins

42
Q

Innervation of testis

A

spermatic plexus (abdomen)

43
Q

Contents of the testis

A

250-300 lobules, each with 4 seminiferous tubules:

  • spermatogenic - generate sperm cells
  • sertoli - support germ cell production
Leidig cells (interstitial):
secrete testosterone
44
Q

How sperm exits the testis

What are seminiferous tubules and what happens in them?

A

coiled tubules

sperm is produced

45
Q

How sperm exits the testis

Rete testis

A

straight tubules

46
Q

How sperm exits the testis

efferent ductules

A

ducts leaving (efferent) testis

47
Q

How sperm exits the testis

Epididymis

A

transport and storage of sperm

48
Q

How sperm exits the testis

Vas deferens

A

thin muscular tube about 45cm long

49
Q

How sperm enters/within the abdomen

spermatic cord

A

suspends testes in scrotum; contains:

  • vas deferens
  • blood (testicular) and lymphatic vessels
  • cremaster muscle
  • nerves (e.g. branch of genitofemoral)
50
Q

How sperm enters/within the abdomen

via what?

A

superficial inguinal ring (then canal)

51
Q

How sperm enters/within the abdomen

which direction do deferens travel and what is it joined by?

A

posteriorly, crosses over external iliacs and towards the back of the bladder

joined by duct seminal gland => ejaculatory duct

52
Q

VAN: ducts and seminal v

arteries

A

those that primarily supply the lower bladder - inferior vesical - and rectum - middle rectal

53
Q

VAN: ducts and seminal v

veins

A

blood follows the arteries and so have the same name

54
Q

VAN: ducts and seminal v

nerves

A

symp innervation from the splanchnic and hypogastric plexus; parasympathetic from the pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-3)

55
Q

Accessory glands - male

seminal vesicles

A

5cm elongated organ; just inferior to rectovesical pouch; secretes alkaline fluid + fructose + coagulate

56
Q

Accessory glands - male

prostate

A

blunt inverted cone

3x4 cm

located at base of bladder

secretes prostatic fluid (20% total volume)

57
Q

Accessory glands - male

bulbourethral glands

A

pea sized glands aka cowpers glands

located inferior to prostate

secretion assists lubrication of ducts

58
Q

Accessory glands - male

blood supply

A

inf vesicle + prostatic vessels (int iliac artery)

59
Q

Urethra - male

A

leads into prostatic urethra

becomes membranous then penile/spongy urethra

60
Q

External genitalia - male

penis

A

organ of copulation and urination

root, body and glands

3 cylindrical bodies

erectile tissue

61
Q

External genitalia - male

VAN for penis

A

blood: dorsal and deep artery (int pudendal); dorsal vein of penis
nerves: dorsal nerve of penis (pudendal)

62
Q

External genitalia - male

scrotum

A

houses testis in cooler environment; smooth (dartos) muscle assists in regulating temperature

63
Q

scrotum VAN

A

scrotal vessels (pudendal) and genitofemoral nerve

203 - Theme 2 - Reproductive System, Fetal Development, Pregnancy and Birth (17 decks)

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