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203 - Theme 2 - Reproductive System, Fetal Development, Pregnancy and Birth > L1 Defining the pelvic region > Flashcards

L1 Defining the pelvic region Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 bones that together make the pelvis?

A
  • 2 innominate bones: ilium, ischium and pubis
  • sacrum (formed by fusion of the 5 sacral vertebrae)
  • coccyx (formed by 4 coccygeal vertebrae)
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2
Q

What are the features of the innominate bones? (5)

A

iliac fossa

ischial spine

ischial tuberosity

inferior ramus of pubis bone

superior rams of pubis bone

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3
Q

Components of the articulated pelvis (8)

A

L5

intervertebral disc

posterior sacral foramina

sacroiliac joint (under ligament)

sacrum

sacrococcygeal joint

coccyx

pubic symphysis (=interpubic disc + ligaments)

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4
Q

Name the ligaments of the pelvis (3)

A

sacroiliac ligament

sacrotuberous ligament

sacrospinous ligament

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5
Q

Ligaments of the pelvis: sacroiliac

A

between the sacrum and the ilium

has an anterior and posterior component

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6
Q

Ligaments of the pelvis: sacrococcygeal

A

between the sacrum and the coccyx

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7
Q

Ligaments of the pelvis: sacrocpinous

A

between the ischial spine and the sacrum/coccyx

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8
Q

Ligaments of the pelvis: sacrotuberous

A

posterior to the sacrospinous

between the lateral aspect of the sacrum +coccyx onto medial margin of the ischial tuberosity

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9
Q

Perineum

refers to what?

A

the space located at the pelvic outlet and inferior to the pelvic diaphragm (i.e. muscles of the pelvic floor)

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10
Q

Perineum

what does it describe?

A

narrow region between the thighs

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11
Q

Perineum

shape and boundaries?

A

diamond shaped surface extending from the mons pubis (in females) to the medial surface of the thighs and posteriorly to the gluteal folds

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12
Q

Perineum

what splits it into two?

A

a transverse line joining the 2 ischial tuberosities

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13
Q

Perineum

what are the 2 triangles called?

A

urogenital and anal triangles

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14
Q

Perineum

what does the midpoint of the transverse line define?

A

the perineal body

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15
Q

Perineum

what happens at the perineal body?

A

the convergence of several sphincter and perineal muscles

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16
Q

Perineum

anatomy (9 labels)

A

pubic symphysis

inferior pubic ligament

ischial tuberosity

perineal membrane

deep perineal pouch

opening for urethra

pubic arch

obturator foramen

inf pubic ramus

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17
Q

Perineum

what does the deep perineal pouch enclose? (4)

A

urethra

vagina, in females

glands, such as bulbourethral (Cowper) glands in males

perineal muscles that act as sphincters, such as compressor urethrae or urethrovaginal sphincter in females

18
Q

Perineum

what does the superficial perineal pouch enclose? (4)

A

urethra

vagina in females; root of penis in males

glands, such as Bartholin in females (the equivalent to Cowper glands in males)

perineal muscles that provide support to the external genitalia, such as the bulbospongiosus or ischiocavernosus muscles

19
Q

What is the pelvic brim formed by?

A

promontory and ala (wing) of sacrum

right + left linea terminals:

  • arcuate line
  • pectineal line
20
Q

What are the borders of the pelvic cavity?

A

posterior - sacrum/coccyx

anterior - pubic symphysis

inferior - pelvic floor

superior - pelvic brim

lateral - obturator internus m

21
Q

What are the contents of the pelvic cavity?

A

reproductive organs/tracts

bladder

rectum

22
Q

The pelvic musculature is composed of muscles that do what 2 things?

A

line the wall

line the floor

23
Q

Pelvic musculature

which line the wall?

A

piroformis

obturator internus

24
Q

Pelvic musculature

which line the floor?

A

coccygeus

levator ani (iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus and puborectalis)

25
Q

The pelvic wall

Piriformis

A

from the anterior surface of the sacrum; through the greater sciatic foramen i.e. over the ischial spine; inserts onto the greater trochanter of femur

26
Q

The pelvic wall

Obturator internus

A

from the internal surface of the obturator membrane; through the lesser sciatic foramen i.e. below the ischial spine; also inserts onto the greater trochanter of femur

27
Q

The pelvic floor - 1 (5 muscles)

A

puborectalis muscle

pubococcygeus muscle

iliococcygeus muscle

coccygeus muscle

piriformis muscle

28
Q

The pelvic floor - 2

Coccygeal

A

from the ischial spine to the inferior end of the sacrum + coccyx

29
Q

The pelvic floor - 2

Iliococcygeus

A

from the tendinous arch - a line extending from the ischial spine to the posterior aspect of the pubic bone - to the annococcygeal body

30
Q

The pelvic floor - 3

Pubococcygeus

A

from the posterior aspect of the pubic bone and inserting to the coccyx (lateral fibres) or merging with the contralateral fibres of the same named muscle (medial fibres)

31
Q

The pelvic floor - 3

Puborectalis

A

a continuous muscle that originates from the posterior aspect of the pubic bone and slings behind the rectum

32
Q

Blood supply & drainage

Arteries

A

anterior division of internal iliac, providing several branches, e.g. uterine, vesical or internal pudendal

Gonadal, from abdominal aorta, supplying the gonads

33
Q

Blood supply & drainage

Veins

A

internal iliac, to common iliac veins

gonadal, to IVC or L renal vein

34
Q

Nervous control

Somatic plexuses (L4-Co)

A

subdivided into:

lumbosacral (L4-S4 <=note: joined by lumbar L4/5)

coccygeal (S4-Co)

function as motor or sensory 
e.g. sciatic nerve, sup/inf gluteal, pudendal nerve
35
Q

Nervous control

Visceral plexuses

A

Paravertebral/Prevertebral

sympathetic/parasympathetic/visceral fibres

erection/ejaculation e.g. inf hypogastric plexus

36
Q

Lumbosacral trunk (4)

A

superior gluteal

inferior gluteal

sciatic

pudendal

37
Q

Visceral plexuses: parasympathetic flow

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-4)

38
Q

Visceral plexuses: sympathetic flow

A

sacral sympathetic trunk

superior and inferior hypogastric plexuses

39
Q

Posterior pelvis (gluteal) (3)

A

sciatic nerve

pudendal nerve

gluteal vessels

  • superior
  • inferior
40
Q

Pudendal nerve (diagram with 5 labels)

A

dorsal nerve of clitoris

deep perineal nerve

pudendal nerve

sacrotuberous ligament

203 - Theme 2 - Reproductive System, Fetal Development, Pregnancy and Birth (17 decks)

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