L3 Gendered violence and representation

Question 1

Definition of VaWiP

Answer 1

intentional, unwanted, non-essential, harmful actions towards women in political roles BECAUSE they are women

Question 2

What forms can violence take?

Answer 2

1. online 2. physical 3. economic 4. psychological 5. sexual 6.semiotic

Question 3

(VaWiP) Research shows…

Answer 3

women encounter more psychological + sexual violence. men encounter more physical. women + men encounter equal levels of online violence

INTERSECTIONALITY also matters

Question 4

Gendered Impact of VaWiP

Answer 4

Mental health, confidence, can push women out of politics, have a negative reputational effect, can effect political ambition for those outside of politics….

exiting, silencing, invisibilising

Question 5

Measures to combat VaWiP

Answer 5

International/legal (conventions, national legal frameworks, political bodies)

Preventative measures (training, awareness, education, security)

SM regulation (DSA….)

Question 6

Exact VaWiP definition (Krook 2017)

Answer 6

“1) aggressive acts aimed largely or solely at women in politics; 2) because they are women, often using
gendered means of attack; and 3) with the goal of deterring their participation in order to preserve
traditional gender roles and undermine democratic institutions”
(Krook, 2017, p. 78)

Question 7

Pitkin (1967)

Answer 7

Descriptive = standing for (shared characteristics)

Substantive = acting for (acting in interests of)

Symbolic = standing in for (emotional/symbolic)

Institutional = designing for (institutional)

Question 8

Critical Mass (Kanter)

Answer 8

‘The sufficient number of people needed to create a significant social change or sustain collective action’

4 types of groups

1. uniform
2. skewed (minority, 15% = tokens)
3. tilted group (minority 35%)
4. balanced (other factors dominate)

Question 9

Dahlerup (CM…changes…?)

Answer 9

1. reaction to women politicians
2. culture
3. discourse

Question 10

Critical actors?

Answer 10

Legislators who initiate policy proposals to promote policies for disadvantaged groups

Question 11

Celis & Erzeel 2016

Answer 11

‘Complementary Advantage’ - 10 interviews in 2013 with party employees of 4 flemish parties…

FINDINGS: list formations prioritised incombants, limited newcomers, but when newcomers - intersectional preference = CATCH ALL

EMW ^ EMM

Question 12

Mansbridge (which groups require representation?)

Answer 12

4 contexts
1. mistrust 2.uncrystallised interests 3.ability to rule questioned 4.past discrimination