L1/2 Recruitment, election, representation

Question 1

When do women run for office?

Competition =
Ideology =
Organisation =
Rules =
Networks =
Ambition =

Answer 1

Competition = scandal/electoral failure, weak competition, ‘contagion’

Ideology = historical connections w/left wing…right wing catching up

Organisation = centralisation, women party leaders + selectors, women sections

Rules = quota, reserved seats

Networks = homosocial capital

Ambition = exposure, desire, education

Question 2

(Murray 2014) Typical merits vs. adjusted merits

Answer 2

Typical: resources, charisma, media appeal, intelligence, networks, education (top) - often male centered qualities

Adjusted: symbolic role (embodying democracy), ‘a voice for all’, decision/policy making role - lived experience of others and common concerns, authenticity, empathy…

Question 3

B1 Women running for office

Answer 3

POLITICAL AMBITION! - women less willing/convinced/conditioned - preferences and perceptions matter

Question 4

Diekman & Steinberg 2013

Answer 4

‘goal congruity framework’, not only preferences matter, but people’s perceptions that these can be reached via political career

Question 5

Devroe et al Survey

Answer 5

Significant gap between genders re: political ambition - in preferences for and perceptions of = preferences for power/independence are gendered

Question 6

B2 Women running for office

Answer 6

Selection+recruitment for parties - party selectors make rational calculuses

Question 7

Trappen et al (2023)

Answer 7

Examined the presence of ethnic minority women on candidate lists in the 2018 Flanders local elections =

1. selectors select more visible EMW than EMM in less diverse districts (vice-versa in left) - less visible F candidates over less visible M candidates preferred everywhere
2. PQs - differences in gender appear when access is restricted and party control is larger (role of party)

DOUBLE JEOPARDY hypothesis = EMW double impacted

Question 8

B3 Women running for office

Answer 8

Election / voter bias

Question 9

Devroe and Cakin

Answer 9

political gender stereotypes in Flanders, UK, Turkey - online survey experiment presenting fictional ministers (M/F/F + headscarf)

F = F ^ perceived issue competence - prevalence of stereotypes more closely associated with other markers (religious symbols)

Question 10

Descriptive representation

Answer 10

standing for

Question 11

substantive representation

Answer 11

acting for

Question 12

symbolic representation

Answer 12

standing IN for

Question 13

institutional representation

Answer 13

designing for