L3 Cytokines Flashcards
cytokines
soluble proteins that are produced in the response to an antigen and function as chemical messengers for regulating innate and adaptive immune systems
cytokines are pleiotropic
means that a particular cytokine can act on a number of different types of cells rather than a single cell type
cytokines are redundant
refers to the ability of a number of different cytokines to carry out the same function
cytokines are multifunctional
means that the same cytokine is able to regulate a number of different functions
some cytokines can be antagonistic
stimulates a particular defense function while another cytokine inhibits that function
some cytokines can be synergistic
two different cytokines have a greater effect in combination than either of the tow would by themselves
four functional categories of cytokines
- innate
- adaptive
- stimulate hemopoiesis
- cytokines known as chemokines promote directed cell migration
hematopoiesis cytokines
- IL-3
- IL-7
- G-CSF
- GM-CSF
- M-CSF
IL-3
made primarily by T-lymphocytes; supports the growth of multi-lineage bone-marrow stem cells; induces maturation in all hematopoietic lineages
CSF
colony stimulating factors- promote the production of colonies of the different leukocytes in the bone marrow and enhance their activity
GM-CSF
granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor
G-CSF
granulocyte colony stimulating factor
M-CSF
macrophage colony stimulating factor
IL-7
produced mainly by fibroblasts and bone marrow stromal cells; plays a role in the survival and proliferation of immature B-lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte precursors
chemokine cytokines
- IL-8 = CXCL8
- MCP-1 = CCL2
- MIP-2 = CXCL2
- RANTES
- Gro- alpha, beta, and gamma
IL-8
= CXCL8
important for the recruitment of neutrophils
MIP-2
= CXCL2
recruits naive T cells
MCP-1
= CCL2
helps activate and recruit macrophages
innate immunity
- IFN-gamma
- IFN- beta
- IFN- alpha
- IL-12
- IL-15
- IL-1
- IL-6
- TNF
- IL-18
- IL-10
- TGF-beta
IFN-gamma
NK cells and T lymphocytes; activation of macrophages and stimulation of some antibody responses
IFN- alpha and IFN-beta
virus infected cells; prime uninfected cells for viral defense
IL-12
macrophages; promotes TH1 cells and activates NK cells
IL-15
macrophages;
NK cells- proliferation
T cells- proliferation
IL-1
macrophages, endothelial cells;
endothelial cells- activation inflammation coagulase
hypothalamus- fever
liver- synthesis of acute phase proteins
t-cells- TH17 differentiation
IL-6
macrophages, endothelial cells, and T-cells
macrophages, dendritic cells- inhibition of IL-12 production, reduced expression of co-stimulation and class II MHC molecules
TNF
macrophages and T-cells
endothelial cells: activation (inflammation and coagulation) neutrophils: activation hypothalamus: fever live: synthesis of acute-phase proteins muscle and fat: catabolism many cell types: apoptosis
IL-18
macrophages
NK cells: proliferation
T cells: proliferation
IL-10
macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells
macrophages and dendritic cells: inhibition of IL-12 production reduced expression of co-stimulators and class II MHC molecules
TGF-beta
many cell types
inhibition of inflammation; T-cells- differentiation of Th17, regulatory T cells
adaptive immunity cytokines
- IFN-gamma
- TGF-beta
- LT
- IL-13
- IL-22
- IL-2
- IL-4
- IL-5
- IL-17
- BAFF
IL-22
CD4+ T cells, NK cells, innate lymphoid cells
maintenance of epithelial barrier function, neutrophils
IL-13
affects eosinophils
IL-2
activated T cells
T cell proliferation; regulatory T cell survival
IL-4
CD4+ T cells and mast cells
B cell switching to IgE
IL-5
CD4+ T cells, mast cells, innate lymphoid cells
activation of eosinophils
IL-17
CD4+ T cells
stimulate of acute inflammation, neutrophils
IL-4, IL-5 and IL-12 affect
eosinophils
IL-17 and IL-22 affect
neutrophils
rheumatoid arthritis
systemic inflammatory disease, inflammation in autoimmune disease
medication needs to target cytokines specifically TNF
