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BIOSCI 107 > L3: Connective Tissue > Flashcards

L3: Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

function of connective tissue

A

binds, supports and strengthens other body tissues
transport system
site of stored energy reserves

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2
Q

composition of CT

A

ECM + cells

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3
Q

composition of ECM

A

GS + protein fibres

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4
Q

composition of GS

A

water + GAGS + proteins

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5
Q

composition of proteoglycans

A

core protein + GAGS

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6
Q

sulphated GAGS

A

dermatan
heparin
keratan
chondroitin

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7
Q

features of HA

A

doesn’t bind directly to protein backbone
non-sulphated

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8
Q

composition of aggrecan

A

chondroitin + keratan sulfate

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9
Q

function of HA

A

lubricates joints
binds cells together
maintain shape of eyeball

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10
Q

hyaluronidase is produced by

A

white blood cells
sperm
bacteria

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11
Q

function of chondroitin sulphate

A

support and provide adhesive features of cartilage, bone, skin and blood vessels

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12
Q

location of dermatan sulphate

A

skin
tendons
blood vessels
heart valves

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13
Q

location of keratan sulphate

A

bone
cartilage
cornea of eye

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14
Q

cause of exopthalmos

A

GAGS despostion and water influx

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15
Q

protein fibres in ECM

A

collagen
reticular
elastic

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16
Q

features of collagen fibres

A

strong but flexible to resist pulling forces
parallel bundles

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17
Q

collagen fibres common in

A

bone
cartilage
tendons
ligaments

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18
Q

composition of reticular fibres

A

collagen in fine bundles with glycoprotein coating

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19
Q

what are reticular fibres made from

A

fibroblasts in the basement membrane

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20
Q

reticular fibres form

A

networks in vessels
tissues esp. adipose, nerve and smooth muscle

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21
Q

composition of elastic fibres

A

protein elastin with glycoprotein fibrillin coating

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22
Q

where are elastic fibres found

A

skin
blood vessels
lungs

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23
Q

marfan syndrome

A

hereditary defect in elastic fibres from mutation in chromosome 15 that codes for fibrillin

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24
Q

cause of marfan syndrome

A

TGFb doesn’t bind normally to fibrillin to keep it inactive

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25
Q

function of fibrillin

A

strucutural scaffold for elastin

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26
Q

size of fibrilline

A

350 kDa

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27
Q

two main types of cells in CT

A

fibroblasts
adipocytes

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28
Q

location of fibroblasts

A

widely distributed and migratory in CT

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29
Q

function of fibroblasts

A

secrete components of the matrix (fibres and ground substance)

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30
Q

location of adipocytes

A

under skin
around organs

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31
Q

function of adipocytes

A

store fat (triglycerides)

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32
Q

other cells in solid CT

A

macrophages
plasma cells
leucocytes
mast cells

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33
Q

function of macrophages

A

phagocytic cells

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34
Q

location of fixed macrophages

A

dust- lungs
kupffer- liver
langerhans- skin

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35
Q

location of wandering macrophages

A

sites of infection/inflammation/injury

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36
Q

function of plasma cells

A

from b-lymphocyte and produce antibodiesl

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37
Q

location of plasma cells

A

gut
lungs
salivary glands
lymph nodes
spleen
red bone marrow

38
Q

function of mast cells

A

histamine production that dilates vessels

39
Q

location of mast cells

A

alongisde blood vessels

40
Q

leucocytes

A

white blood cells eg. neutrophills, eosinphils

41
Q

location of leucocytes

A

migrate out from blood

42
Q

types of embryonic CT

A

mesenchyme and mucous

43
Q

mesenchyme composition/location

A

mesenchymal cells in semi-fluid GS containing reticular fibres

44
Q

function of mesenchyme

A

give rise to all other CT

45
Q

where is mucous CT found

A

umbilical cord of foetus

46
Q

function of mucous CT

A

protect blood vessels in umbilical cord

47
Q

composition of mucous CT

A

widely scattered fibroblasts embedded in jelly-like GS

48
Q

types of mature CT

A

proper
fluid
supporting

49
Q

types of CT proper loose

A

areolar tissue
adipose tissue
reticular tissue

50
Q

types of CT proper dense

A

regular
irregular
elastic

51
Q

function of loose areolar tissue

A

strength
elasticity
support

52
Q

composition of loose areolar tissue

A

three types of fibres (collagen, reticular, elastic)

53
Q

location of loose adipose tissue

A

widely distributed around most structures like a packing material

54
Q

function of loose adipose CT

A

white- energy storage
brown- heat production
insulation, energy source, temp. control

55
Q

location of dense regular CT

A

tendons
ligaments
aponeuroses

56
Q

arrangement of dense regular CT

A

regularly arranged collagen

57
Q

disadvantages of dense regular CT

A

slow healing because not many fibroblasts for repair

58
Q

function of dense regular CT

A

attachment

59
Q

types of cartilage

A

hyaline
elastic
fibrous

60
Q

function of hyaline cartilage

A

flexibility and movement

61
Q

location of hyaline cartilage

A

anterior ends of ribs
respiratory cartilage
ends of long bones

62
Q

function of compact bone

A

stores Ca and P
protection and support

63
Q

function of spongy bone

A

red marrow- produce RBC
yellow marrow- store triglycerides

64
Q

bone cells

A

osteogenic
osteoblasts
osteocytes
osteoclasts

65
Q

function of osteocytes

A

maintain bone tissue
involved in exchange of nutrients and wastes
have gap junctions

66
Q

function of osteoclasts

A

break down bone

67
Q

features of osteoclasts

A

large
multinucleated

68
Q

formation of osteoclasts

A

blood monocyte fusion

69
Q

basic unit of compact bone

A

osteon

70
Q

parts of osteon

A

lamellae
lacunae
canaliculi
central haversian canal

71
Q

osteons are aligned along

A

lines of stress

72
Q

describe lamellae

A

concentric rings of mineral salts eg. calcium hydroxide/phosphate

73
Q

calcium hydroxide + calcium phosphate=

A

hydroxyapatites and collagen

74
Q

function of hydroxyapatites

A

makes bone hard

75
Q

function of lacunae

A

small spaces between lamellae that contain osteocytes

76
Q

what does canaliculi contain

A

EC fluid and minute osteocytic processes

77
Q

function of canaliculi

A

provide routes for oxygen, nutrients and waste

78
Q

what do the central (haversian) canals contain

A

blood
lymph
nerves

79
Q

function of chondroblasts

A

lay down hyaline cartilage callus

80
Q

composition of blood

A

plasma (liquid EM) and formed elements

81
Q

ertyhrocytes (RBC) function

A

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

82
Q

types of leukocytes (white blood cells)

A

neutrophills and monocytes
basophils and mast cells
eosinophils
lymphocytes

83
Q

function of neutrophils and monocytes

A

engulf bacteria; phagocytic

84
Q

function of basophils and mast cells

A

produce histamine that intensify inflammatory reaction

85
Q

are basophils mobile

A

yes

86
Q

immature mast cells

A

circulate

87
Q

mature mast cells

A

are fixed in tissue

88
Q

function of eosinophils

A

effective against parasitic worms and acute allergic response

89
Q

function of lymphpcytes

A

involved in immune response

90
Q

platelets are from

A

megakaryocytes in red marrow

BIOSCI 107 (5 decks)

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