L3: Connective Tissue Flashcards by Deleted Deleted

function of connective tissue

binds, supports and strengthens other body tissues
transport system
site of stored energy reserves

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composition of CT

ECM + cells

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composition of ECM

GS + protein fibres

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composition of GS

water + GAGS + proteins

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composition of proteoglycans

core protein + GAGS

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sulphated GAGS

dermatan
heparin
keratan
chondroitin

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features of HA

doesn’t bind directly to protein backbone
non-sulphated

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composition of aggrecan

chondroitin + keratan sulfate

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function of HA

lubricates joints
binds cells together
maintain shape of eyeball

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hyaluronidase is produced by

white blood cells
sperm
bacteria

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function of chondroitin sulphate

support and provide adhesive features of cartilage, bone, skin and blood vessels

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location of dermatan sulphate

skin
tendons
blood vessels
heart valves

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location of keratan sulphate

bone
cartilage
cornea of eye

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cause of exopthalmos

GAGS despostion and water influx

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protein fibres in ECM

collagen
reticular
elastic

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features of collagen fibres

strong but flexible to resist pulling forces
parallel bundles

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collagen fibres common in

bone
cartilage
tendons
ligaments

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composition of reticular fibres

collagen in fine bundles with glycoprotein coating

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what are reticular fibres made from

fibroblasts in the basement membrane

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reticular fibres form

networks in vessels
tissues esp. adipose, nerve and smooth muscle

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composition of elastic fibres

protein elastin with glycoprotein fibrillin coating

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where are elastic fibres found

skin
blood vessels
lungs

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marfan syndrome

hereditary defect in elastic fibres from mutation in chromosome 15 that codes for fibrillin

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cause of marfan syndrome

TGFb doesn’t bind normally to fibrillin to keep it inactive

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function of fibrillin

strucutural scaffold for elastin

size of fibrilline

350 kDa

two main types of cells in CT

fibroblasts adipocytes

location of fibroblasts

widely distributed and migratory in CT

function of fibroblasts

secrete components of the matrix (fibres and ground substance)

location of adipocytes

under skin around organs

function of adipocytes

store fat (triglycerides)

other cells in solid CT

macrophages plasma cells leucocytes mast cells

function of macrophages

phagocytic cells

location of fixed macrophages

dust- lungs kupffer- liver langerhans- skin

location of wandering macrophages

sites of infection/inflammation/injury

function of plasma cells

from b-lymphocyte and produce antibodiesl

location of plasma cells

gut lungs salivary glands lymph nodes spleen red bone marrow

function of mast cells

histamine production that dilates vessels

location of mast cells

alongisde blood vessels

leucocytes

white blood cells eg. neutrophills, eosinphils

location of leucocytes

migrate out from blood

types of embryonic CT

mesenchyme and mucous

mesenchyme composition/location

mesenchymal cells in semi-fluid GS containing reticular fibres

function of mesenchyme

give rise to all other CT

where is mucous CT found

umbilical cord of foetus

function of mucous CT

protect blood vessels in umbilical cord

composition of mucous CT

widely scattered fibroblasts embedded in jelly-like GS

types of mature CT

proper fluid supporting

types of CT proper loose

areolar tissue adipose tissue reticular tissue

types of CT proper dense

regular irregular elastic

function of loose areolar tissue

strength elasticity support

composition of loose areolar tissue

three types of fibres (collagen, reticular, elastic)

location of loose adipose tissue

widely distributed around most structures like a packing material

function of loose adipose CT

white- energy storage brown- heat production insulation, energy source, temp. control

location of dense regular CT

tendons ligaments aponeuroses

arrangement of dense regular CT

regularly arranged collagen

disadvantages of dense regular CT

slow healing because not many fibroblasts for repair

function of dense regular CT

attachment

types of cartilage

hyaline elastic fibrous

function of hyaline cartilage

flexibility and movement

location of hyaline cartilage

anterior ends of ribs respiratory cartilage ends of long bones

function of compact bone

stores Ca and P protection and support

function of spongy bone

red marrow- produce RBC yellow marrow- store triglycerides

bone cells

osteogenic osteoblasts osteocytes osteoclasts

function of osteocytes

maintain bone tissue involved in exchange of nutrients and wastes have gap junctions

function of osteoclasts

break down bone

features of osteoclasts

large multinucleated

formation of osteoclasts

blood monocyte fusion

basic unit of compact bone

osteon

parts of osteon

lamellae lacunae canaliculi central haversian canal

osteons are aligned along

lines of stress

describe lamellae

concentric rings of mineral salts eg. calcium hydroxide/phosphate

calcium hydroxide + calcium phosphate=

hydroxyapatites and collagen

function of hydroxyapatites

makes bone hard

function of lacunae

small spaces between lamellae that contain osteocytes

what does canaliculi contain

EC fluid and minute osteocytic processes

function of canaliculi

provide routes for oxygen, nutrients and waste

what do the central (haversian) canals contain

blood lymph nerves

function of chondroblasts

lay down hyaline cartilage callus

composition of blood

plasma (liquid EM) and formed elements

ertyhrocytes (RBC) function

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

types of leukocytes (white blood cells)

neutrophills and monocytes basophils and mast cells eosinophils lymphocytes

function of neutrophils and monocytes

engulf bacteria; phagocytic

function of basophils and mast cells

produce histamine that intensify inflammatory reaction

are basophils mobile

yes

immature mast cells

circulate

mature mast cells

are fixed in tissue

function of eosinophils

effective against parasitic worms and acute allergic response

function of lymphpcytes

involved in immune response

platelets are from

megakaryocytes in red marrow