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BIOSCI 107 > L1: Body Systems > Flashcards

L1: Body Systems Flashcards

1
Q

tissue level of structural organisation

A

group of cells that work together to perform a particular function

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2
Q

cellular level of structural organisation

A

basic structural and function units of the body

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3
Q

the pancreas belongs to which systems

A

digestive and endocrine

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4
Q

organ structures of the integumentary system

A

epidermis
dermis
hypodermis

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5
Q

function of the epidermis

A

cover body’s surfaces
protect deeper tissues
produce vitamin d

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6
Q

function of the dermis

A

feeds the epidermis
strength
glands

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7
Q

hair follicles allow for

A

sensation from innervation

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8
Q

function of the hypodermis

A

fat stores
attaches skin to deeper layers

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9
Q

modified sweat gland

A

breast tissue

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10
Q

organ structrues of the muscular system

A

skeletal muscles
axial muscles
appendicular muscles
tendons and aponeuroses

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11
Q

function of skeletal muscles

A

skeletal movement
control entrance and exists
heat
support skeleton
protect soft tissues

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12
Q

function of axial muscles

A

provide support and positioning of axial skeleton

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13
Q

function of appendicular muscles

A

support and move limbs

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14
Q

what do tendons and aponeuroses do

A

translate contractile forces into tasks

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15
Q

describe tendons

A

fibrous rope-like connections between muscle and bone

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16
Q

describe aponeuroses

A

sheet-like interfaces between muscles and to bone

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17
Q

organs of the skeletal system

A

bones, cartilage, joints
axial skeleton
appendicular skeleton
bone marrow

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18
Q

where is cartilage found

A

bone interfaces

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19
Q

types of cartilage and locatio

A

hyaline- ribs and joints
fibro- discs

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20
Q

function of axial skeleton

A

protect brain, spinal cord, sense organs and soft tissues of thorax
support body weight over lower limbs

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21
Q

function of appendicular skeleton

A

internal support and positioning of external limbs
support and enable muscles to move axial skeleton

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22
Q

function of bone

A

stores minerals

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23
Q

function of red bone marrow

A

RBC production in flat bones (pelivs, sternum, skull, ribs)

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24
Q

with age, red bone marrow is

A

lost

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25
Q

function of yellow bone marrow

A

stores of fat cells
found in medullary cavity of long bones

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26
Q

with age, yellow bone marrow is

A

gained

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27
Q

organ structures of nervous system

A

CNS
brain
spinal cord
special senses
PNS

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28
Q

function of CNS

A

control centre
short term control over other systems

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29
Q

function of brain

A

complex integrative activities
control voluntary and involuntary movement

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30
Q

function of spinal cord

A

relay information to and from brain
perform less complex integrative activities (reflex arc)

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31
Q

effect of the spinal cord is

A

local integrative effect

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32
Q

function of special senses

A

sensory input to brain relating to sight, hearing, smell and taste and equilibrium

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33
Q

function of PNS

A

links CNS with other systems and sense organs

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34
Q

organ structures of endocrine system

A

pineal gland
pituitary/ hypothalamus
thryoid gland
parathyroid gland
thymus
adrenal glands
kidneys
pancreas
gonads

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35
Q

function of hypothalamus/ pituitary glands

A

control other endocrine glands
regulate growth
fluid balance

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36
Q

function of thyroid gland

A

metabolic rate (thyroxine)

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37
Q

function of parathyroid gland

A

control calcium levels

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38
Q

function of thymus

A

maturation of lymphocytes

39
Q

function of adrenal glands

A

water and mineral balance (aldosterone)
tissue metabolism (cortisol)
cardio and resp. function (adrenaline)

40
Q

function of kidneys (endocrine)

A

RBC production
BP up
calcium levels

41
Q

function of pancreas (endorcine)

A

glucose control

42
Q

function of gonads

A

sexual characteristics and reproduction

43
Q

gigantism is a result of

A

too much GH during childhood

44
Q

function of insulin-like growth factor

A

causes tissues to grow and divide

45
Q

acromegaly is a result of

A

too much GH as an adult

46
Q

growth hormone acts on the

A

liver

47
Q

organ structures of the lymphatic system

A

lymphatic vessels
lymphatic fluid
b cells and t cells
lymph nodes
spleen
thymus

48
Q

function of lymphatic vessels

A

contractile vessels that carry lymph and lymphocytes from peripheral tissue to veins of CV system

49
Q

function of lymphatic fluid

A

lipids from gut
fluid from tissues

50
Q

function of b cells and t cells

A

immune response

51
Q

function of lymph nodes

A

monitor lymph composition
engulf pathogens
immune response

52
Q

function of spleen

A

monitor circulation of blood cells
engulf pathogens
recycles RBC
immune response

53
Q

function of thymus (lymphatic)

A

development and maintenance of the t cell lymphocytes

54
Q

which systems are the thymus a part of

A

endocrine and lymphatic

55
Q

where are lymphatic capillaries found

A

throughout body except avascular tissues, CNS, portions of spleen and bone marrow

56
Q

organ structures of CV system

A

heart
blood
blood vessels

57
Q

function of heart

A

propels blood
maintain BP

58
Q

function of blood vessels

A

conduits:
arteries- heart to capillaries
capillaries- diffusion between blood and interstitial fluids
vein: return blood from capillaries to heart

59
Q

function of blood

A

transport of O2, CO2, nutrients and hormones
removes waste
temperature regulation
immune response
acid base control (-HCO3)
controls environment in cells

60
Q

organ structures of resp. system

A

nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs
diaphragm

61
Q

function of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

A

filter and warm and humidify air
detect smeels

62
Q

function of pharynx

A

conducts air to larynx

63
Q

function of larynx

A

protect opening to trachea
vocal chords for vocalisation

64
Q

function of trachea

A

conducts air

65
Q

function of bronchi

A

conducts air between trachea and lungs

66
Q

function of diaphragm

A

muscle for air movement

67
Q

organ structures of digestive system

A

oral cavity
salivary glands
pharynx
oesophagus
stomach
small intestine
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
large intestine and anus

68
Q

function of salivary glands

A

buffers and lubricates
enzymes begin digestion

69
Q

function of pharynx

A

sort solid food and liquids to oesophagus

70
Q

function of stomach

A

secrete acid
enzymes
hormones

71
Q

function of liver

A

secrets bile
regulate nutrients in blood

72
Q

function of bile

A

aids digestion and absorption of lipids

73
Q

function of gallbladder

A

concentrates bile

74
Q

function of pancreas (digestive)

A

digestive enzymes
buffers
endocrine cells

75
Q

function of small intestines

A

digestive enzymes
buffers and hormones
absorbs nutrients

76
Q

organ structures of urinary system

A

kidney
ureters
bladder
urethra

77
Q

functions of kidney (urinary)

A

form and concentrates urine
regulates pH and ions
blood volume and BP
endocrine function- promotes RBC production

78
Q

function of ureters (urinary)

A

conduct urine to bladderun

79
Q

function of urethra (urinary)

A

urine to exterior

80
Q

what is erythropoietin

A

glycoprotein hormone produced by interstitial fibroblasts in kidney

81
Q

function of EPO

A

signals for erythropoiesis in bone marrow

82
Q

increased activity of hemocytoblasts results in

A

more RBC production so greater carrying capacity for oxygen

83
Q

organ structures of reproductive system- male

A

testes
accessory organs
external genitalia

84
Q

function of testes

A

sperm and hormone production

85
Q

what are the male accessory organs of the reproductive system

A

epididymis
ductus deferens
seminal glandsf
prostate gland
urethra

86
Q

function of epididymis

A

sperm maturation

87
Q

function of ductus deferens

A

sperm from epididymis

88
Q

function of seminal glands and prostate gland

A

produce seminal fluid

89
Q

function of urethra (reproductive)

A

sperm to exterior

90
Q

external genitalia in men

A

penis
scrotum

91
Q

function of external genitalia in men

A

reproduction and thermal control testes

92
Q

organ structures of female reproductive system

A

ovaries
fallopian tubes
uterus
vagina and external genitalia
mammary glands

93
Q

function of vagina

A

lubrication and sperm reception

94
Q

four basic tissue types

A

epithelium
connective
muscle
nervous

BIOSCI 107 (5 decks)

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