L2: Epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

where is epithelia tissue found

A

body surfaces
lines hollow organs, cavities and ducts
forms glands of the body

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2
Q

key functions of epithelial tissue

A

selective barrier
secretory
protective

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3
Q

types of cell junctions

A

tight
adherens
desmosomes
hemidesmosomes
gap

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4
Q

composition of the cytoskeleton

A

microfilaments and intermediate filaments

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5
Q

function of microfilaments

A

strength
alter cell shape
link cytoplasm to membrane
tie cells together
muscle contraction

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6
Q

proteins involved in tight junctions

A

claudins and occludins

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7
Q

tight junctions are common in the

A

stomach
intestines
bladder

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8
Q

how do tight junctions maintain cell polarity

A

preventing migration of proteins between apical and basal surfaces

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9
Q

proteins involved in adherens junctions

A

cadherins and catenins

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10
Q

plaque layer in adherens junctions links what to what

A

actin to cadherins

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11
Q

function of adherens junctions

A

prevent cell separation from tension forces like in contractions

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12
Q

proteins involved in desmosome junctions

A

cadherins and desmoplakin

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13
Q

desmosome junctions link what to what

A

link cell surface to keratin

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14
Q

desmosome junctions are common in

A

skin epithelium and cardiac cells

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15
Q

function of desmosome junctions

A

resist shearing forces and bind muscle cells

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16
Q

proteins involved in gap junctions

A

6 connexIns make 1 connexOn

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17
Q

what size molecules do gap junctions allow through

A

up to 1kDa

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18
Q

function of hemidesmosome

A

connect epithelia to basement membrane
link keratin to basement membrane

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19
Q

proteins involved in hemidesmosomes

A

integrin
laminin
keratin

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20
Q

junctional complex

A

tight + adherens junctions + desmosome

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21
Q

composition of basement membrane

A

basal and reticular lamina

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22
Q

describe basal lamina

A

secreted by epithelial cells
contains collagen, laminin, proteoglycans and glycoproteins

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23
Q

describe reticular lamina

A

produced by fibroblasts in CT
contain fibrous proteins like collagen, fibronectin

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24
Q

function of basment membrane

A

support overlying epithelia
migratory surface for epithelia cells during growth and wound healing
physical barrier
filtration of substances in kidney

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25
Q

in melanoma, the diameter is greater than ___

26
Q

two types of epithelial tissue

A

covering and lining
glandular

27
Q

function of covering epithelia

A

cover exposed surfaces and internal cavities

28
Q

transitional epithelium is found in the

29
Q

simple squamous epithelium found where there is

A

diffusion
filtration
secretion where slippery surface needed

30
Q

specialised subtypes of simple squamous epithelium

A

mesothelium
endothelium

31
Q

mesothelium lines

A

peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavities

32
Q

endothelium lines

A

inside of heart and blood and lymphatic vessels

33
Q

simple cubodial epithelium is found where there is

A

secretion and absorption

34
Q

subtypes of simple columnar epithelium

A

non-ciliated and ciliated

35
Q

function of goblet cells

A

secrete mucous

36
Q

non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium is found where there is

A

secretion, absorption and lubrication

37
Q

ciliated simple columnar epithelium is found in

A

bronchioles
fallopian tubes
brain ventricles
central canal of spinal cord
sinuses

38
Q

function of ciliated simple columnar epithelium

A

synchronous movements assist in motility of mucus and foreign objects and oocytes

39
Q

specialised subtypes of stratified squamous epithelium

A

keratinised and non-keratanised

40
Q

all forms of stratified squamous epithelium protect against

41
Q

keratinised stratified squamous epithelium is found

A

where mechanical stress and dehydration are major issues ie. dry trauma areas

42
Q

non-keratanised stratified squamous epithelium is found in

A

wet trauma areas

43
Q

function of non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

A

protection from abrasion

44
Q

pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium subtypes

A

ciliated and non-ciliated

45
Q

stratified cubodial epithelium is found in

A

ducts of adult sweat glands oesophageal glands
male urethra

46
Q

stratified columnar epithelium is found in

A

part of urethra
oesophageal glands
anal mucosal membrane
conjunctiva of eye

47
Q

secretion pathway of endocrine glands

A

directly into blood via traversing interstitial fluid

48
Q

secretion pathway of exocrine glands

A

into ducts that empty on surface of covering or lining epithelium

49
Q

single cell exocrine glands

A

eg. mucous cells, goblet cells

50
Q

simple gland

A

duct doesn’t divide on way to gland cells

51
Q

branched gland

A

several secretory areas share one duct

52
Q

where are simple tubular glands

A

intestinal glands

53
Q

where are simple coiled tubular glands found

A

merocrine sweat glands

54
Q

where are simple branched tubular glands found

A

gastric glands
mucous glands of oesophagus, tongue and duodenum

55
Q

simple alveolar glands are

A

a stage in the embryonic development of simple branched glands

56
Q

where are simple branched alveolar glands found

A

sebaceous glands

57
Q

what makes a gland compound

A

duct divides one or more times on way to gland cells

58
Q

where are compound tubular glands found

A

mucous glands in mouth
bulbo-urethral glands
seminiferous tubules of testes

59
Q

where are compound alveolar glands found

A

mammary glands

60
Q

where are compound tubuloalveolar glands found

A

salivary glands
glands of resp. passage
pancreas