L2: Epithelium

Question 1

where is epithelia tissue found

Answer 1

body surfaces
lines hollow organs, cavities and ducts
forms glands of the body

Question 2

key functions of epithelial tissue

Answer 2

selective barrier
secretory
protective

Question 3

types of cell junctions

Answer 3

tight
adherens
desmosomes
hemidesmosomes
gap

Question 4

composition of the cytoskeleton

Answer 4

microfilaments and intermediate filaments

Question 5

function of microfilaments

Answer 5

strength
alter cell shape
link cytoplasm to membrane
tie cells together
muscle contraction

Question 6

proteins involved in tight junctions

Answer 6

claudins and occludins

Question 7

tight junctions are common in the

Answer 7

stomach
intestines
bladder

Question 8

how do tight junctions maintain cell polarity

Answer 8

preventing migration of proteins between apical and basal surfaces

Question 9

proteins involved in adherens junctions

Answer 9

cadherins and catenins

Question 10

plaque layer in adherens junctions links what to what

Answer 10

actin to cadherins

Question 11

function of adherens junctions

Answer 11

prevent cell separation from tension forces like in contractions

Question 12

proteins involved in desmosome junctions

Answer 12

cadherins and desmoplakin

Question 13

desmosome junctions link what to what

Answer 13

link cell surface to keratin

Question 14

desmosome junctions are common in

Answer 14

skin epithelium and cardiac cells

Question 15

function of desmosome junctions

Answer 15

resist shearing forces and bind muscle cells

Question 16

proteins involved in gap junctions

Answer 16

6 connexIns make 1 connexOn

Question 17

what size molecules do gap junctions allow through

Answer 17

up to 1kDa

Question 18

function of hemidesmosome

Answer 18

connect epithelia to basement membrane
link keratin to basement membrane

Question 19

proteins involved in hemidesmosomes

Answer 19

integrin
laminin
keratin

Question 20

junctional complex

Answer 20

tight + adherens junctions + desmosome

Question 21

composition of basement membrane

Answer 21

basal and reticular lamina

Question 22

describe basal lamina

Answer 22

secreted by epithelial cells
contains collagen, laminin, proteoglycans and glycoproteins

Question 23

describe reticular lamina

Answer 23

produced by fibroblasts in CT
contain fibrous proteins like collagen, fibronectin

Question 24

function of basment membrane

Answer 24

support overlying epithelia
migratory surface for epithelia cells during growth and wound healing
physical barrier
filtration of substances in kidney

Question 25

in melanoma, the diameter is greater than ___

Answer 25

6mm

Question 26

two types of epithelial tissue

Answer 26

covering and lining glandular

Question 27

function of covering epithelia

Answer 27

cover exposed surfaces and internal cavities

Question 28

transitional epithelium is found in the

Answer 28

bladder

Question 29

simple squamous epithelium found where there is

Answer 29

diffusion filtration secretion where slippery surface needed

Question 30

specialised subtypes of simple squamous epithelium

Answer 30

mesothelium endothelium

Question 31

mesothelium lines

Answer 31

peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavities

Question 32

endothelium lines

Answer 32

inside of heart and blood and lymphatic vessels

Question 33

simple cubodial epithelium is found where there is

Answer 33

secretion and absorption

Question 34

subtypes of simple columnar epithelium

Answer 34

non-ciliated and ciliated

Question 35

function of goblet cells

Answer 35

secrete mucous

Question 36

non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium is found where there is

Answer 36

secretion, absorption and lubrication

Question 37

ciliated simple columnar epithelium is found in

Answer 37

bronchioles fallopian tubes brain ventricles central canal of spinal cord sinuses

Question 38

function of ciliated simple columnar epithelium

Answer 38

synchronous movements assist in motility of mucus and foreign objects and oocytes

Question 39

specialised subtypes of stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 39

keratinised and non-keratanised

Question 40

all forms of stratified squamous epithelium protect against

Answer 40

microbes

Question 41

keratinised stratified squamous epithelium is found

Answer 41

where mechanical stress and dehydration are major issues ie. dry trauma areas

Question 42

non-keratanised stratified squamous epithelium is found in

Answer 42

wet trauma areas

Question 43

function of non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 43

protection from abrasion

Question 44

pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium subtypes

Answer 44

ciliated and non-ciliated

Question 45

stratified cubodial epithelium is found in

Answer 45

ducts of adult sweat glands oesophageal glands male urethra

Question 46

stratified columnar epithelium is found in

Answer 46

part of urethra oesophageal glands anal mucosal membrane conjunctiva of eye

Question 47

secretion pathway of endocrine glands

Answer 47

directly into blood via traversing interstitial fluid

Question 48

secretion pathway of exocrine glands

Answer 48

into ducts that empty on surface of covering or lining epithelium

Question 49

single cell exocrine glands

Answer 49

eg. mucous cells, goblet cells

Question 50

simple gland

Answer 50

duct doesn't divide on way to gland cells

Question 51

branched gland

Answer 51

several secretory areas share one duct

Question 52

where are simple tubular glands

Answer 52

intestinal glands

Question 53

where are simple coiled tubular glands found

Answer 53

merocrine sweat glands

Question 54

where are simple branched tubular glands found

Answer 54

gastric glands mucous glands of oesophagus, tongue and duodenum

Question 55

simple alveolar glands are

Answer 55

a stage in the embryonic development of simple branched glands

Question 56

where are simple branched alveolar glands found

Answer 56

sebaceous glands

Question 57

what makes a gland compound

Answer 57

duct divides one or more times on way to gland cells

Question 58

where are compound tubular glands found

Answer 58

mucous glands in mouth bulbo-urethral glands seminiferous tubules of testes

Question 59

where are compound alveolar glands found

Answer 59

mammary glands

Question 60

where are compound tubuloalveolar glands found

Answer 60

salivary glands glands of resp. passage pancreas