L3: clinical features of neoplasia

Question 1

what is cancer cachexia?

Answer 1

progressive loss of body weight due to equal loss of both fat and lean muscle accompanied by profound weakness , anorexia , and anemia .

Question 2

what is cancer cachexia associated with ?

Answer 2

elevated BMR

systemic inflammation

Question 3

what are paraneoplastic syndromes ?

Answer 3

signs and symptoms that cannot be explained by the anatomic location of the tumor or by the hormones secreted by the tissues from which the tumor originated .

Question 4

what is cancer grading ?

Answer 4

grading of cancer is based on the differentiation of tumor cells (extent to which the tumor cells resemble or fail to resemble the normal cells from which they arise
)

Question 5

what is cancer staging ?

Answer 5

staging of cancer is based on the size of the primary tumor and the extent the tumor cells have invaded locally and metastasized to other parts of the body

Question 6

what is the difference between incisional biopsy and excisional biopsy ??

Answer 6

incisional biopsy is taking a biopsy if a legion is larger or has different characteristics in various locations more than one area may need to be sampled

excisions biopsy : entire legion with 2 to 3mm of normal appearing tissue surrounding the legion is excised

Question 7

what is fine needle aspiration ?

Answer 7

identifying malignant cells by their anapestic features , attempts at differentiation in smears of tumor aspirates ( blood , body fluids )

Question 8

what is a tumor marker?

Answer 8

a biomarker found in blood , urine , or body tissues that an be elevated by the presence of one or more types of cancer

Question 9

keratin formation is commonly seen in ___

Answer 9

well differentiated tumors and is absent in poorly differentiated tumors