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Immunology > L3 Cell of Innate Immunity Pt. 2 > Flashcards

L3 Cell of Innate Immunity Pt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what does eosinophils role in innate immunity require?

A

IgE from adaptive immunity

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2
Q

on Eosinophils, what does the Fc3R bind to?

A

IgE antibodies which bind to the epitopes on helminths

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3
Q

In eosinophils, the binding of IgE to Fc3R receptor causes what?

A

degranulation of eosinophils = release of major basic protein (MBP) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP)

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4
Q

what are very toxic to helminths and other parasites?

A

MBP and ECP

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5
Q

why do eosinophils play a major role in immunity to helminths?

A

because they are relatively resistant to destruction by neutrophils and macrophages.

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6
Q

what is the role of NK cells in an immune response?

A

kill infected cells (viral infections)
kill some tumors
secrete cytokines that play a role in differentiation of Th0 cells to Th1

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7
Q

at what stage of the immune response do phagocytes destroy viruses?

A

after the viral infections are sequestered within the host cell and they bud and infect other cells

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8
Q

at what stage of the immune response do NK cells destroy viruses?

A

eliminate viral infections of host cells that harbor the virus before significant viral replication occurs

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9
Q

what are NK inhibitory and activating receptors?

A
  • interact with specific self-Class I MHC, MHC class I-like molecules and molecules unrelated to MHC
  • each receptor is linked to different signaling cascades
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10
Q

how are Class I MHC upregulated on target cells?

A

following exposure to either cytokines IFNy or IFN alpha/beta

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11
Q

what happens when NK inhibitory interaction is strong?

A

cell expressing Class I MHC is protected - cell tolerance is maintained

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12
Q

explain “Missing self hypothesis”

A

the cell displaying high levels of specific self MHC self peptide is not killed because the interaction of the NK inhibitory receptor with specific self Class I-MHC peptide delivers an inhibitory signal = tolerance!

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13
Q

what happens to the target cell when activating receptor signals dominant?

A

the cell will be destroyed (lysis)

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14
Q

which cytokines enhance expression of Class I MHC on a cell that is potentially a target cell?

A

IFNy and IFN alpha/beta

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15
Q

describe 3 scenarios that lead to the down regulation of Class I MHC on cells?

A
  1. stress
  2. some viral infections
  3. some tumors
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16
Q

what is the role of IgG antibodies in a viral infection?

A
  • IgG antibodies bind to the virally infected cell
  • IgG antibodies have an Fcy region
  • the NK cell has a FcyR (receptor) that binds to it

*participates in ADCC (antibody dependent cell mediate cytotoxicity) = indirect recognition

17
Q

what is antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)?

A

different antibodies recognize different viral proteins embedded in the cell membrane of an infected cell and then KILL the infected cell

18
Q

what is the armamentarium released by the NK cell when the activating signal dominates?

A

NK cells release lytic granules = perforin and granzymes –> cell destruction!

19
Q

which cytokines pairs activate NK cells to secrete IFNy?

A

IL-12 and a second cytokine = IL-15 or IL-18

20
Q

What is the role of IL-2 on NK cell formation?

A

activation with IL-2 enhances the ability of NK cells to kill

21
Q

what is a LAK cells?

A

IL-2 modified NK cells = lymphokine activated killer cells

22
Q

what is the consequences of IL-12/IL-18 or IL-12/IL-15 on the action of NK cells?

A

stimulates NK cells to secrete IFNy - plays a role in the induction of Th1 cells from Th0 cells

also leads to IFNy secretion - but not as much as IL-12/IL-18

23
Q

what cells secrete IL-18?

A

monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells + several non immune cells

24
Q

what cells secrete IL-15

A

nonlymphoid tissues - epithalial, fibroblast cell lines
activated monocytes/macrophages
dendritic cells

25
Q

with what cytokine does IL-15 share biological activities?

A

in vitro biological activities

26
Q

compare and contrast the receptor complexes for IL-2 and IL-15

A
  • both signal CD132 and CD122

- their alpha chain of each receptor complex is different!

27
Q

what is the role of IL-15 in inflammation?

A

important role in inflammation and is a chemoattractant for T lymphocytes, NK cells and neutrophils

28
Q

name the 3 anaplylatoxins released following complement activation

A

C3a
C4a
C5a

29
Q

what is the role of histamine in inflammation

A

causes vascular permeability

30
Q

what is the primary role of dendrites?

A

they are the most efficient of all antigen presenting cells particularly in a primary response to an antigen!

31
Q

which cytokines do activated dendritic cells secrete?

A

IL-12
IL-15
IL-18

32
Q

which cytokine mobilizes bone marrow myeloid precursor to circulation?

A

GM-CSF

33
Q

which cytokine increased the survival of dendritic cells in culture?

A

GM-CSF

Immunology (12 decks)

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