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Immunology > Cytokines > Flashcards

Cytokines Flashcards

1
Q

what is the source of IL-3?

A

T cells

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2
Q

what is the target of IL-3?

A

Hematopoiesis: differentiates pluripotent stem cells into either

  • myeloid progenitors
  • lymphoid progenitors
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3
Q

what is the source of IL-5?

A

Mast cells + Th2

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4
Q

what is the target of IL-5?

A

Hematopoiesis: differentiates myeloid progenitors into eosinophils

chemotactic for eosinophils
recruits eosinophils to tissues
activates eosinophils

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5
Q

What is the source of IL-7?

A

bone marrow stromal cells

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6
Q

what is the target of IL-7?

A

Hematopoiesis: role in B and T cell differentiation in bone marrow and thymus

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7
Q

what is the source of GM-CSF?

A

macrophages

T cells

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8
Q

what is the target of GM-CSF

A

Hematopoiesis: differentiation of myeloid progenitor to GM-progenitor

mobilization and activation of dendritic cells

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9
Q

what is the source of G-CSF?

A

macrophages

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10
Q

what is the target of G-CSF?

A

Hematopoiesis: differentiation of GM progenitor to Granulocyte/Neutrophil

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11
Q

What is the source of M-CSF?

A

macrophages

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12
Q

what is the target of M-CSF?

A

Hematopoiesis: differentiation of GM progenitor to monocytes

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13
Q

what is the target of IL-1 and TNF?

A
  • role in inflammation
  • activate macrophages to secrete cytokines (IL-1, 6,12,TNF) and chemokines (IL-8 and MCP-1)
  • activate endothelial cells = de novo expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin, and enhanced expression of ICAM-2
  • induce endothelial cells to secrete chemokines IL-8 and MCP-1
  • IL-1 and TNF act on hypothalamus to induce fever and play a key role in lowering BP leading to shock
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14
Q

what is the target of IL-4?

A
  • require to isotype switch to IgE
  • down reg of Th1 cytokine production
  • down reg. of iNOS
  • shifts Th0 response to Th2 phenotype
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15
Q

what is the target of of IL-6?

A
  • stimulus for secretion of CRP from hepatocytes

- when TGF beta, IL-6 are present = role in differentiation of ThP cells to Th17 cells

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16
Q

what is the target of IL-10?

A
  • down reg IL-12 secretion by dendritic cells and macrophages = down reg of Th1 cytokines
  • down reg iNOS
  • inhibitory molecule
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17
Q

what is the target of IL-12?

A
  • activates NK cells to secrete IFN y

* enhanced if IL-15 or IL-18 are present!

18
Q

what is the target of IL-15?

A
  • plays a role (along with IL-12) in inducing NK cells to secrete INF y
19
Q

what is the target of IL-18?

A
  • plays a role (with IL-12) in inducing NK cells to secrete IFN y
20
Q

what is the target of IFN y?

A
  • activate iNOS
  • enhance activation of NADPH oxidase
  • down reg production of Th2 cytokines
  • critical for Th0 differentiation to Th1 phenotype
  • along with IL-2, promotes pCTL to CTL differentiation
  • enhances expression of Class I MHC on nucleated cells
  • enhances expression of Class II MHC on antigen presenting cells
21
Q

what is the target of TNF alone?

A
  • enhances NADPH oxidase

- role in activation of inducible NO synthase

22
Q

what is the target of TGF beta?

A
  • down reg of iNOS
  • critical for differentiation of Th0 cells to a/i Tregs
  • when IL-6 or IL-1 and IL-23 are around = differentiation ThP cells to Th17
23
Q

what is the source of IL-1?

A

macrophages

24
Q

what is the source of IL-4?

A

Th 2
mast cells
Th 0

25
Q

what is the source of IL-6?

A

macrophages

Th 2

26
Q

what is the source of IL-10?

A

Th2

27
Q

what is the source of IL-12?

A

macrophages

dendritic cells

28
Q

what is the source of IL-15?

A

macrophages

dendritic cells

29
Q

what is the source of IL-18?

A

macrophages

dendritic cells

30
Q

what is the source of IFN y?

A

Th1
NK cells
Th 0

31
Q

what is the source of TNF?

A

macrophages

Th1

32
Q

what is the source of TGF beta?

A

Th 2

33
Q

what is the source for chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8)?

A

macrophages

endothelial cells

34
Q

What is the target for chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8)?

A

chemotactic for neutrophils

35
Q

what is the source for chemokines MCP-1 (CCL2)

A

macrophages

endothelial cells

36
Q

what is the target for chemokines MCP-1 (CCL2)

A

chemotactic for monocytes

37
Q

what is the source of IL-2?

A

Th1
Th0
Thp

38
Q

what is the source of IFN alpha/beta?

A

VIC - virally infected cells

39
Q

what is the target of IL-2?

A
  • growth factor for T cells
  • enhances NK cell cytotoxicity
  • plays a role in pCTL to CTL differentiation
40
Q

what is the target of IFN alpha/beta?

A
  • triggers production of enzymes that interfere with replication of some viruses (*2’5’ oligoadenylate synthetase)
  • inhibition of T cell proliferation
  • increase expression of Class I MHC on nucleated cells

Immunology (12 decks)

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