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HVAC Systems_SP25 > [L3]_Heat Loss Calculations & Design Conditions > Flashcards

[L3]_Heat Loss Calculations & Design Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

IND405

Per ASHRAE what is the correct weather zone for Long Island, NY?

[L3]

A

Zone (4)

[L3]

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2
Q

IND405

Per ASHRAE which weather zone type is considered Dry?
* Zone (A)
* Zone (B)
* Zone (C)

[L3]

A

Zone B

[L3]

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3
Q

IND405

What is the heating/cooling load calculation method required for residential and low-rise applications only?

[L3]

A

Manual J8, created by ACCA (Air-Conditioning Contractors of America)

[L3]

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4
Q

IND405

List the five (5) methods created for building HVAC load calculations.

[L3]

A
  1. Total Equivalent Temperature Difference/Time Average (TETD/TA)
  2. Transfer Function Method (TFM)
  3. Cooling Load Temperature Difference/Cooling Load Factor (CLTD/CLF)
  4. Heat Balance (HB) & Radiant Time Series (RTS)
  5. Manual J8 Method for Residential Applications

[L3]

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5
Q

IND405

Which heating/cooling load calculation method is the most difficult to complete by hand and requires a computer to complete?

[L3]

A

RTS (Radiant Time Series)

[L3]

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6
Q

IND405

What is the definition of ASHRAE Standard 55?

[L3]

A

Standard 55 specifies conditions for acceptable thermal environments and comfort zones as is intended for use in design, operation, and other occupied spaces.

[L3]

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7
Q

IND405

What is the definition of a Comfort Zone per ASHRAE Standard 55?

[L3]

A

The optimal range/combinations of thermal & personal factors (clothing and activity level) with which at least 80% of the building occupants are expected to express satisfaction.

[L3]

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8
Q

IND405

What does SBS stand for and its definition?

[L3]

A
  • Sick Building Syndrome
  • The number of possible health issues or illness generated during the occupancy of a building due to uncomfortable indoor building conditions.

[L3]

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9
Q

IND405

List five (5) typical sysmptoms of SBS illness.

[L3]

A
  1. Mucosal Irritation
  2. Asthma
  3. Nose Bleeds
  4. Chest Tightness
  5. Headache

[L3]

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10
Q

IND405

What is the defined typical internal core temperature of the standard person per ASHRAE 55?

[L3]

A

98.6°F

[L3]

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11
Q

IND405

What is the mean skin temperature of comfort for a typical human per ASHRAE 55?

[L3]

A

88°F to 96.8°F

[L3]

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12
Q

IND405

What is the maximum allowed temperature swing before discomfort occurs for a typical person?

[L3]

A

±2.5°F

[L3]

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13
Q

IND405

What is the recommended Summer Indoor Design Condition?

[L3]

A

75°F dB & 50% RH

[L3]

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14
Q

IND405

What is the recommended Winter Indoor Design Condition?

[L3]

A

70°F dB & 20% to 30% RH

[L3]

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15
Q

IND405

What is the Clothing Insulation range recommended for Winter & Summer?

[L3]

A
  • Winter = 0.8 to 0.9
  • Summer = 0.5 to 0.6

[L3]

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16
Q

IND405

How much time is required per ASHRAE Standard 55 to define a space qualified for long term occupant use?

[L3]

A

A minimum of 15-minutes.

[L3]

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17
Q

IND405

List the six (6) factors per ASHRAE 55 related to Thermal Comfort.

[L3]

A
  1. Metabolic Rate
  2. Clothing Insulation
  3. Air Temperature
  4. Radiant Temperature
  5. Air Speed
  6. Humidity

[L3]

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18
Q

IND405

What is the formula for calculating a specific person’s metabolic rate per ASHRAE 55?

[L3]

A

[L3]

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19
Q

IND405

True or False: The insulation factor of the clothing we wear everyday has a maximum limit of time to maintain our personal body temperature comfortably from the outdoor environment?

[L3]

A

True, it is calculated as the Tmax, lcl of clothing insulation

[L3]

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20
Q

IND405

Is 65°F dB @ 50% RH inside or outside the Summer Comfort Range?

[L3]

A

Outside

[L3]

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21
Q

IND405

What is the typical (°F) temperature range an office main lobby entrance is to save energy during the summer?

[L3]

A

4°F to 6°F

[L3]

22
Q

IND405

What is the minimum temperature (°F) allowed during the winter for a Garage per ASHRAE 55?

[L3]

A

40°F (dB)

[L3]

23
Q

IND405

What is the recommended design conditions all year around for hospital operating rooms per ASHRAE 55?

[L3]

A

72°F @ 55% RH

[L3]

24
Q

IND405

Are hospital operating rooms required to be positively, negatively, or neutrally pressurized facilities?

[L3]

A

Positively Pressurized

[L3]

25
Q

IND405

What are the two (2) temperature base references when calculating using Degree-Day method?

[L3]

A

65°F & 50°F

[L3]

26
Q

IND405

What is the HDD for just one (1) day when the outside temperature is 12°F for HDD50 & HDD65?

[L3]

A
  • HDD50 = 50°F - 12°F = 38°F
  • HDD65 = 65°F - 12°F = 53°F

[L3]

27
Q

IND405

What are the formulas for HDD & CDD?

[L3]

A
  • HDD = (Tbase – Ta) x No. Days
  • CDD = (Ta - Tbase) x No. Days

[L3]

28
Q

IND405

At what speed does the Wind Chill effect stop increasing?

[L3]

A

Any speed 43 mph or greater.

[L3]

29
Q

IND405

Are degree-days a unit of time? Yes or No.

[L3]

A

No, degree-days are a unit of time & temperature.

[L3]

30
Q

IND405

What is the definition of U-Factor?

[L3]

A

The rate at which heat flowsthrough a specific material or a building section.

[L3]

31
Q

IND405

What is the definition of R-Value?

[L3]

A

The rate and ability of one specific material, or a group of materials in a building section, to resist heat flowthrough them.

[L3]

32
Q

IND405

What are the typical heat transfer loss rate % through each building assembly?

[L3]

A
  • Roof = 25%
  • Glazing = 10%
  • Doors = 15%
  • Exterior Walls = 35%
  • Floors = 15%

[L3]

33
Q

IND405

What is the definition of K-Value?

[L3]

A

The thermal conductivity property of a specific homogenous material.

[L3]

34
Q

IND405

List the four (4) methods to calculate overall heat transfer coefficient.

[L3]

A
  1. Thermal conductivity (k) and thicknesses of all homogenous materials
  2. Thermal conductivity (k) and thicknesses of all non-homogenous materials
  3. Surface conditions of both sides of construction (inside & outside)
  4. Potential air gaps and spaces within the construction

[L3]

35
Q

IND405

What is the highest insulation material name and r-value?

[L3]

A

Polyisocyanurate or PolyIso (Foil-Faced) & 7.2 R-Value

[L3]

36
Q

IND405

What is typically the cheapest and easiest insulation to install?

[L3]

A

Fiberglass Batt Insulation

[L3]

37
Q

IND405

How much reduction of heat transfer can be achieved in windows with properly installed shading (blinds) devices?

[L3]

A

Up to possibly 25%

[L3]

38
Q

IND405

True or False: An entire homogenous wall assembly of the same materials versus a non-homogenous wall assembly have the same r-values?

[L3]

A

False, non-homogenous wall assembilies can have different % of materials for components based on total composition resulting in a different overall r-value.

[L3]

39
Q

IND405

True or False: When calculating the total wall assembly R-Value any interior/exterior air films and core air gap insulation values must be selected properly and included in the overall calculation?

[L3]

A

True.

[L3]

40
Q

IND405

What is the component temperature for the inside layer of the brick?

[L3]

A

34.1°F

[L3]

41
Q

IND405

What are the four (4) basic mechanisms which energy use occurs through building fenestration?

[L3]

A
  1. Thermal Heat Transfer
  2. Solar Heat Gain
  3. Air Leakage/Ventilation/Exchange
  4. Daylighting

[L3]

42
Q

IND405

What is fenestration?

[L3]

A

Fenestration is another term to describe windows or aka glazing.

[L3]

43
Q

IND405

What is laminated glass?

[L3]

A

Glazing made of two (2) panes of glass adhered together and the interlayer
between the two (2) panes of glass is typically plastic and may be clear, tinted, or coated.

[L3]

44
Q

IND405

What is a Low-E coating?

[L3]

A

An internal glazing coating that reduce UV and or radiant heat exchange.

[L3]

45
Q

IND405

In a passive house (Hauss) structure, typically how many panes does a glazing assembly have?

[L3]

A

Three (3), a triple pane window.

[L3]

46
Q

IND405

Does a thermal break in a window frame mean the total insulation value of the window is increased or lowered?

[L3]

A

Total insulation value of the window is greater with a thermal break.

[L3]

47
Q

IND405

What are the two (2) typical noble gases used to insulate windows?

[L3]

A
  1. Krypton
  2. Argon

[L3]

48
Q

IND405

What is the typical wind speed used to specify outdoor air-films on windows and buildings?

[L3]

A

15-mph

[L3]

49
Q

IND405

In a typical building wall assembly what is the name of the membrane that separates moisture from exterior to interior spaces?

[L3]

A

The vapor barrier

[L3]

50
Q

IND405

What is GST?

[L3]

A

Ground Surface Temperature, the annual mean temperature value over the entire winter of the specified location.

[L3]

HVAC Systems_SP25 (12 decks)

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