L28 - Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism Flashcards
1
Q
What are the causes of Osteoporosis?
A
- age
- endocrine
- malignancy
- drug induced
- renal disease
- nutritional
2
Q
How can Osteoporosis be diagnosed?
A
measurement of bone mineral density
Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
3
Q
What are the endocrine disorders of Osteoporosis?
A
Hypogonadism - notably any cause of estrogen deficiency
Excess Glucocorticoids - endogenous or exogenous
hyperparathyroidism
hyperthyroidism
4
Q
What are some treatments of osteoporosis?
A
- adequate calciuma and vitamin D intake
- biphosphonates: inhibit the function of osteoclasts
- Denosumab: human monoclonal antibody against RANK ligand
- Romosozumab: human monoclonal antibody against scelrostin
5
Q
What is Osteomalacia and what are its symptoms?
A
loss of bone mineralistaion
- permanent deformities in bone
- diffuse aches and pains
- chronic fatigue
- weak bones
- elavated alkaline phsophatase
6
Q
What are the causes of Osteomalacia?
A
- vitamin D deficiency
- mutations leading to errors in vit D metabolism
- hypophosphataemia
7
Q
What is Renal Osteodystrophy an umbrella term for?
A
a spectrum of conditions associate with bone lesions in renal failure.
- impaired phosphate excretion
- imapired vitamin D activation
- low plasma calcium
- PTH rises
- excess bone resorption
