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Anatomy Exam 3 > L23-24: Abdominal Cavity > Flashcards

L23-24: Abdominal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

coelom

A

a body cavity lined w/ mesoderm

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2
Q

mesodermal membranes associated w/ a true coelom

A

serous membranes

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3
Q

mesenteries

A

double membranes connecting parietal and visceral peritoneum

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4
Q

mesentery proper attaches to ______ from ____ flexure to _____ junction

A

small intestine
duodenojejunal
ileocecal

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5
Q

functions of mesenteries

A

support viscera

provide pathways for BVs and nerves to reach viscera

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6
Q

define retroperitoneal

A

refers to structures that lie behind the peritoneum

aka not w/in coelom
ex. kidneys

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7
Q

functions of the liver

A

detoxify blood
storage of glycogen
secrete bile
protein synthesis

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8
Q

superior projection of liver

A

xiphisternal junction

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9
Q

left projection of liver

A

apex of heart

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10
Q

inferior projection liver

A

to midpoint between xiphoid and umb

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11
Q

the liver is encased in a fibrous capsule and covered by peritoneum except ?

A

in the bare area

in contact w/ underside of diaphragm

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12
Q

list the ligaments of the liver

A 
falciform
coronary
triangular
ligamentum teres
ligamentum venosum
lesser omentum
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13
Q

the ligamentum teres is enclosed w/in ?

A

falciform lig.

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14
Q

these ligaments surround the bare area

A

coronary ligaments

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15
Q

these represent double folds of coronary ligaments

A

triangular ligaments

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16
Q

shunted blood from umbilical vein to IVC

A

ligamentum venosum

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17
Q

lesser omentum

A

extends from liver to lesser curve of stomach

encloses the portal triad

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18
Q

portal triad

A

portal vein
hepatic art
biliary duct

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19
Q

liver surfaces

A

diaphragmatic
bare area
visceral surface

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20
Q

visceral surfaces of liver

A 
gastric; stomach
renal
duodenal
colic; right colic flexure
fossa; gall bladder
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21
Q

liver recesses

A

Subphrenic

hepatorenal

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22
Q

recess between liver and diaphragm

A

subphrenic

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23
Q

recess between liver and right kidney

A

hepatorenal recess

Morrison’s pouch

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24
Q

portal hepatis

A

entry point for portal triad

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25
Q

largest lobe of liver

A

right

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26
Q

lobes of the liver

A

right
left
caudate
quadrate

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27
Q

caudate and quadrate lobes

A

quadrate in front

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28
Q

ducts of the liver

A

right and left hepatic
common hepatic
common bile duct

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29
Q

right and left hepatic ducts

A

from right/left lobes to common hepatic duct

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30
Q

common bile duct

A

common hepatic duct plus cystic duct

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31
Q

define portal system

A

venous connection between two organs other than the heart

vein connecting two capillary beds

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32
Q

hepatic portal system

A

runs from digestive system to liver

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33
Q

gall bladder lies

A

between quadrate and right lobe

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34
Q

gall bladder function

A

store and concentrate bile

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35
Q

common hepatic duct

A

from the union of right and left hepatic ducts

accompanied by portal vein and proper hepatic art

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36
Q

cystic duct

A

connects common hepatic duct to gall bladder

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37
Q

spiral valve

A

keeps the cystic duct open

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38
Q

common bile duct function

A

opens into duodenum w/ main pancreatic duct

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39
Q

what two lobes of the liver are separated by the lesser omentum

A

left and caudate

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40
Q

location of stomach w/in abdominal regions

A

upper left quadrant

epigastric and left hypochondriac regions

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41
Q

list the subdivisions of the stomach

A

cardiac
fundus
body
pylorus

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42
Q

cardiac division of stomach

A

area where esophagus enters stomach

has cardiac notch located between esophagus and fundus

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43
Q

fundus division of the stomach

A

superior region of stomach

above esophagocardiac line

often contains gas

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44
Q

body of stomach

A

major part of the stomach

between fundus and pylorus

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45
Q

pyloric antrum

A

wide portion of the pylorus subdivision of the stomach

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46
Q

pyloric canal

A

narrow portion of the pylorus

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47
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

controls the rate of entry of chyme into duodenum

48
Q

pylorus of the stomach

A

region of the stomach that funnels chyme into the duodenum

49
Q

list the curvatures and ligaments of the stomach

A

greater and lesser curves

greater and lesser omentum = ligaments

50
Q

greater curve of stomach

A

long convex border of stomach – inferior

related to greater omentum

51
Q

lesser curve of stomach

A

shorter concave border – superior

related to lesser omentum

52
Q

greater omentum of stomach

A

extends from greater curve and folds back to attach to posterior ab wall

53
Q

what does the greater omentum cover?

A

transverse colon and small intestine

54
Q

lesser omentum of stomach

A

extends from lesser curve to liver

55
Q

what is the omental bursa

A

a pouch behind stomach

–inbetween stomach and retroperitoneal area

56
Q

anatomical significance of the omental bursa

A

none

but it may fill w/ fluid causing infections

57
Q

define rugae of stomach

A

internal longitudinal ridges w/in stomach cavity

allow for expansion of the stomach

58
Q

hiatal hernia

A

protrusion of stomach thru esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm

59
Q

what supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach?

the greater ?

A

lesser = left gastric artery

greater = left gastroepiploic

60
Q

what are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk and which is the largest?

A

common hepatic
left gastric
splenic - largest

61
Q

largest lymphatic organ

A

spleen

62
Q

location of the spleen

A

left hypochondriac region
above left kidney
below diaphragm

63
Q

list 3 major ligaments of the spleen

A

Gastrosplenic
Phrenicosplenic
lienorenal

64
Q

Gastrosplenic ligament

A

attaches spleen to stomach

65
Q

Phrenicosplenic ligament

A

attaches spleen to diaphragm

66
Q

lienorenal ligament

A

attaches spleen to left kideny

67
Q

the splenic artery gives off 4 branches to supply the spleen. list them

A

superior polar
superior middle
inferior middle
inferior polar

68
Q

impressions of the spleen

A

the spleen is in contact w/ other organs which leave impressions – to give it, its shape

stomach
large intestine
left kidney

69
Q

list the 4 major parts of the pancreas

A

head
neck
body
tail

70
Q

head of the pancreas

A

lies in curve of duodenum

anterior to inf. vena cava

71
Q

neck of pancreas

A

constricted where crossed posteriorly by sup. mesenteric artery

72
Q

body of pancreas

A

extends across midline

anterior surface has peritoneum but posterior does not

73
Q

the pancreas has exocrine and endocrine functions. describe them

A

exo – produce pancreatic juices to aid digestion

endo - produce hormones – insulin and glucagon

74
Q

pancreatic juices

A

digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions

75
Q

anatomical location of pancreas

A

epigastric and left hypochondriac regions

extending from spleen to right kidney

76
Q

major vessels that supply the pancreas

A

splenic artery

sup. and inf. pancreaticduodenal arteries

77
Q

list the pancreatic ducts

A

main pancreatic duct
hepatopancreatic ampulla
accessory pancreatic duct

78
Q

duct of wirsung

A

the main pancreatic duct

79
Q

duct of santorini

A

the accessory pancreatic duct

80
Q

main pancreatic duct

A

runs from tail to head of pancreas

runs thru parenchyma to meet the bile duct

81
Q

hepatopancreatic ampulla

A

junction of main pancreatic and common bile duct

they combine and dump into duodenum via major duodenal papilla

82
Q

major duodenal papilla

A

when main pancreatic and common bile duct dump into duodenum

83
Q

accessory pancreatic duct

A

drains head of pancreas and empties into duodenum

via minor duodenal papilla

84
Q

list the layers of the gut tract

A 
serosa
Subserosa
Muscularis externa
submucosa
Muscularis mucosae
mucosa
internal circular folds
85
Q

Muscularis externa =

A

longitudinal layer + circular layer

also = Muscularis mucosae

86
Q

mucosa =

A

lamina propria
mucous
epithelium

87
Q

4 major parts of duodenum

A

superior
descending
horizontal - travels left
ascending - meets jeju

88
Q

duodenum

A

first section of small intestine

extends from pylorus to jejunum
surrounds head of pancreas

89
Q

blood supply to duodenum

A

gastroduodenal artery

sup. mesenteric artery

90
Q

features of duodenum

A

retroperitoneal
runs L1 - L3
1 ft long

91
Q

the jejunum begins in the ______ quadrant and meets the ileum in the ______ quadrant

A

upper left
lower right
~8 ft long

92
Q

both the jejunum and ileum are attached to ?

A

the posterior ab wall by the

mesentery proper of small intestine

93
Q

lengths of the subdivisions of the small intestine

A

duo - 1 ft
jeju - 8 ft
ileum - 12 ft

total 21 ft

94
Q

blood supply to small intestine

A

sup. mesenteric artery

sup. mesenteric vein

95
Q

anatomical differences between jejunum and ileum

A

jeju - shorter, thicker, redder

96
Q

list the 4 major features of the colon

A

tenia coli
haustra
epiploic appendages
appendix

97
Q

tenia coli

A

thickening bands of smooth muscle

band running along center of colon on exterior side

98
Q

haustra

A

the pouch like bulging of the colon

between taneia

99
Q

epiploic appendages

A

yellow appendages about the tenia coli

100
Q

appendix location

A

found hanging off the colon just below the beginning of the ascending colon

101
Q

list the sections of the large intestine

A 
ascending
transverse
descending
sigmoid colon
rectum
102
Q

ascending colon location

A

from cecum to right colic flexure

103
Q

transverse colon location

A

from right colic flexure to left colic flexure

104
Q

the transverse colon and sigmoid colons are suspended by ?

A

transverse mesocolon

sigmoid mesocolon

105
Q

the transverse colon is supplied by the ? the descending and sigmoid colon are supplied by ?

A

sup. mesenteric

inf. mesenteric

106
Q

descending colon location

A

from left colic flexure to pelvic brim

107
Q

descending colon attachment

A

mostly covered by peritoneum

but post side is fused w/ post ab wall

108
Q

sigmoid colon location

A

begins at pelvic brims

and continues to be rectum

109
Q

rectum

A

fixed terminal portion of colon

begins at sacral vertebra S3

110
Q

cecum

A

large, blind-ended pouch continuous w/ ascending colon

found where ileum meets colon

111
Q

clinical significance of McBurney’s point

A

2/3 distance umbilicus to ASIS

pressing here will stim pain in appendicitis patients

112
Q

internal sphincter

A

thick ring of circular smooth muscle

surrounding upper part of anal canal

controlled involuntarily by ANS

113
Q

ANS stimulation of rectal sphincters

A

internal sphincter control
parasym = relaxation
sym = contraction

114
Q

external sphincter

A

3 rings of skeletal muscle
voluntary control
extends entire length of anal canal

115
Q

the external sphincter is under ______ control via branches of the ______ nerve.

A

voluntary control

pudendal nerve

116
Q

define anal columns

A

5-10 longitudinal folds in mucosa in upper half of anal canal

end at pectinate line

117
Q

significance of pectinate line

A

marks the junctions between endoderm and ectoderm derived portions of anal canal

Anatomy Exam 3 (10 decks)

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