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Anatomy Exam 3 > L19: Thoracic Cavity - Mediastinum & Respiratory Diaphragm > Flashcards

L19: Thoracic Cavity - Mediastinum & Respiratory Diaphragm Flashcards

1
Q

mediastinum = ?

A

space between lungs

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2
Q

subdivisions of mediastinum

A

superior and inferior mediastinum

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3
Q

what separates the subdivisions of mediastinum

A

superior is separated from inf. by horizontal plane

between sternal angle and IV disc/T4-5

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4
Q

contents of superior mediastinum - retrosternal

A

great vessels and branches

thymus

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5
Q

contents of sup. med. - prevertebral

A 
trachea
esophagus
thoracic duct
sympathetic trunks
vagus nerves
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6
Q

contents of sup. mediastinum are broken into ___ compartments, while the inf. is broken into ?

A

retrosternal vs. prevertebral

ant. middle post.

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7
Q

inf. med. - anterior contents

A

thymus
fat
lymph nodes

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8
Q

inf. med. - middle contents

A 
pericardium
phrenic nerves
pericardiacophrenic art.
heart
great vessels
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9
Q

inf. med. - posterior contents

A 
esophagus
thoracic duct
aorta and branches
vagus nerves
sympathetic trunks
azygos vein sys.
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10
Q

how azygos describe a vessel?

A

means it has no twin

no counterpart on other side of body

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11
Q

arterial supply to thymus

A

ant. mediastinal arteries

inf. thyroid arteries

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12
Q

ant. mediastinal arteries are from the ?

A

internal thoracic artery

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13
Q

inf. thyroid arteries are from the ?

A

subclavian artery

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14
Q

venous drainage of the thymus

A

into left brachiocephalic vein

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15
Q

innervation of thymus

A

parasympathetic – vagus n.

sympathetic – cardiac plexus

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16
Q

pericardium ligaments

A

pericardiacophrenic lig.

sup. and inf. sternopericardial ligaments

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17
Q

blood supply to pericardium

A

pericardial arteries
pericardiacophrenic arteries
musculophrenic arteries

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18
Q

nerve supply to pericardium

A

vagus nerve
phrenic nerve
sympathetic trunk

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19
Q

relate midline to route of esophagus

A
  1. left of it at base of neck
  2. at midline w/ level of aortic arch
  3. left of it as piercing diaphragm
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20
Q

the esophagus travels ____ trachea and ____ spinal column.

A

behind trachea

in front of spine

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21
Q

the esophagus pierces the ____ at level of ?

A

diaphragm

level T10

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22
Q

esophageal plexus is formed via ?

A

left and right vagus nerves

a continuation of posterior pulmonary plexus

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23
Q

upper third of esophageal innervation

A

voluntary muscle

recurrent laryngeal n.

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24
Q

lower 2/3s of esophagus innervation

A

involuntary muscle

vagus and sympathetic chain

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25
Q

beginning and end of thoracic aorta

A

T4 - sternal angle

T12

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26
Q

ending of thoracic aorta

A

T12
where it pierces diaphragm

continues as abdominal aorta

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27
Q

thoracic aorta - pericardial branches

A

to post. pericardium

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28
Q

thoracic aorta - __ bronchial branches

A

2 branches

to left bronchus

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29
Q

thoracic aorta - branches to esophagus

A

small superior 10%
large inferior 90%
esophageal branches

30
Q

thoracic aorta - branch to ____ mediastinum

A

posterior

31
Q

the thoracic aorta has 9 pairs of ____ arteries and 1 pair of _____ arteries

A

intercostal

subcostal

32
Q

branch off thoracic aorta to superior surface of diaphragm

A

superior phrenic arteries

33
Q

azygos vein is formed below ____ by the union of ?

A

below diaphragm

right ascending lumbar vein + right subcostal vein

34
Q

the azygos vein ascends along the ___ side of the TV.

A

right side

35
Q

azygos vein ends by entering the ?

A

superior vena cava

36
Q

2 main tributaries of the azygos vein

A

hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins

37
Q

hemiazygos is formed by the union of ?

A

left ascending lumbar vein + left subcostal vein

38
Q

route of hemiazygos vein

A

pierces diaphragm
ascends left of TV up to TV9
crosses spine
empties into azygos

39
Q

accessory hemiazygos runs ?

A

left of upper TV

40
Q

accessory hemiazygos receives blood ?

A

from superior intercostal vein and left intercostal veins 4-8

41
Q

ending of accessory hemiazygos

A

crosses spine and empties into azygos vein

42
Q

nodes behind sternum

A

parasternal nodes

43
Q

nodes that lie in posterior intercostal space between heads of ribs

A

post. intercostal nodes

44
Q

nodes that lie on upper surface of diaphragm

A

diaphragmatic nodes

45
Q

nodes that lie along the esophagus and descending thoracic aorta

A

post. mediastinal nodes

46
Q

nodes that lie along brachiocephalic veins/trunk

A

brachiocephalic nodes

47
Q

largest nodes in body

A

tracheobronchial nodes

includes nodes about trachea, bronchi and lungs

48
Q

parasternal node lymph

A

from:
thoracic wall
upper ant. abdominal wall
diaphragm

49
Q

____ nodes receive significant lymph from mammary glands

A

parasternal nodes

50
Q

posterior intercostal nodes lymph

A

from thoracic wall

paravertebral regions

51
Q

posterior intercostal nodes drain into?

A

thoracic duct

right lymphatic duct from upper right regions only

52
Q

diaphragmatic nodes lymph

A

from diaphragm
pericardium
upper surface of liver

53
Q

diaphragmatic nodes drain into

A

parasternal and post. mediastinal nodes

54
Q

the left thoracic duct arises from _______, the union of ?

A

cisterna chyli

union of right and left lumbar trunks

55
Q

the left thoracic duct receives lymph from

A

mostly from body below diaphram

56
Q

the left thoracic duct empties into the venous system at ?

A

junction of left internal jugular and left subclavian vein

57
Q

right thoracic duct drain

A

the right upper body

including extremity and head

58
Q

right thoracic duct empties into venous system at ?

A

junction of
right internal jugular vein
right subclavian vein

59
Q

sole innervation to diaphragm

A

phrenic nerves

including pain sensations

60
Q

diaphragm

A

a muscular sheet w/ inferior and superior fascia

61
Q

parietal thoracic fascia

A

superior diaphragm fascia

62
Q

transversalis fascia

A

inf. diaphragm fascia

63
Q

sternal origins of diaphragm

A

xiphoid process

64
Q

costal origins of diaphragm

A

lower 6 ribs

65
Q

lumbar origins of diaphragm

A

LV and crura

66
Q

diaphragm contraction

A

flattens muscle
increases thorax volume

creating negative pressure in thorax
+ in abdomen

67
Q

describe the central tendon

A

Y shaped tendon

attaching diaphragm to LV

68
Q

the central tendon is pierced by 3 openings

A

caval foramen
esophageal hiatus
aortic hiatus

69
Q

caval foramen

A

T8

inferior vena cava and right phrenic n.

70
Q

esophageal hiatus

A

T10

esophagus and vagus n.

71
Q

aortic hiatus

A

T12

aorta and greater splanchnic n.

Anatomy Exam 3 (10 decks)

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