L22: Respiratory and Thoracic Surgery (Morton) Flashcards
1
Q
roles of respiratory tract
A
- olfaction
- phonation (producing sound)
- thermoregulation
- filtering and conditioning air
- preventing aspiration
2
Q
R ~
A
1/r^4
a small decrease in radius has a huge effect on ability to breathe
3
Q
URT diagnostic techniques
A
- exercise intolerance
- abnormal respiratory noise (inspiratory v. expiratory)
- nasal discharge
- halitosis
- anatomical distortions (swelling, bony abnormalities, m. atrophy)
- cough
- dysphagia
- fever, inappetence, weight loss
- PE: assess anatomy, nasal d/c and flow, ocular discharge, percussion of sinuses, scars, thorough thoracic auscultation, oral exam
- imaging
4
Q
Imaging: endoscopy
A
- resting and/or high speed treadmill to assess dynamic dysfunctions
- evaluate: nasal passages, nasopharynx, larynx, guttural pouches, cervical trachea, nasal occlusion, swallow reflex, slap test
5
Q
Imaging: Radiography
A
+/- contrast
- metallic markers for magnification
- evaluate: pharynx, larynx, trachea, guttural pouches, paranasal sinuses, dental arcades
- superimposition
- fluoroscopy: “dynamic” radiography
6
Q
Imaging: Computed Tomography
A
- eliminates superimposition
- superior for dental arcades and paranasal sinuses
7
Q
Imaging: MRI
A
- ST and bone detail
- differentiation of tumors
- less commonly performed in animals; expensive
8
Q
components of URT
A
- nasal passages
- paranasal sinuses
- pharynx
- larynx
- guttural pouches
- trachea
9
Q
components of nares (nostrils)
A
- alar cartilages
- alar fold
- nasal diverticulum
10
Q
components of nasal cavity
A
nasal septum dorsal and ventral concha dorsal, middle, ventral meatus nasomaxillary opening ethmoid turbinates
11
Q
dz of the nares and nasal cavity
A
epidermal inclusion cysts (atheromas)
redundant alar folds
diseases of the nasal septum (cystic, neoplastic, traumatic)
12
Q
anatomy of paranasal sinuses
A
paired sinuses dorsal conchal ventral conchal sphenopalatine frontal maxillary (rostral and caudal) size and shape change w/ age all communicate directly or indirectly`
13
Q
diseases of the sinuses
A
Sinusitis Progressive Ethmoid Hematoma Paranasal Sinus Cyst Neoplasia Trauma (wounds/fractures)
14
Q
Sinusitis
A
- 1ary (caused by URT infection) or 2ary (dental dz, mass, trauma, etc.)
- localized or extensive
- dx via Hx, PE, endoscopy, rads, CS, CT
15
Q
tx of 1ary sinusitis
A
irrigation
abx
+/- surgical debridement
16
Q
tx of 2ary sinusitis
A
address 1ary cause
sx then tx as 1ary
17
Q
Progressive Ethmoid Hematoma
A
- progressive tumor-like mass
- lies in ethmoid labyrinth or floor of sinus
- mild, intermittent epistaxis, usually unilateral
- horses >6yo
- endoscopy, rads, CT
- intralesional 10% formalin, surgical removal via sinus flap (or LASER photoablation)
- recurrence can occur
