L18: Basic Reproductive Sx (Case) Flashcards

1
Q

gonadectomy

A

surgical removal of the reproductive organs (ovaries, testes)
-OVH and castration most common method and procedure in US

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2
Q

indications for elective gonadectomy

A
  • pet overpopulation (>3 million dogs and cats euthanized in shelters annually)
  • sex-based aggression
  • mammary neoplasia (90% malignant in cats!)
  • pyometra
  • uterine/ovarian neoplasia
  • prostatic disease
  • perineal herniation
  • testicular neoplasia
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3
Q

what % of intact female dogs get pyometras by 10yrs of age?

A

25%

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4
Q

what % uterine/ovarian neoplasia benign?

A

90%

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5
Q

T/F: risk of ovarian tumor small

A

T

-epithelial (adenoma or adenocarcinoma) or stromal (granulosa cell)

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6
Q

incidence of prostatic disease in intact dogs

A

50% by 5yrs

-ie. cysts, abscess

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7
Q

consequences of perineal herniation

A
  • dyschezia, obstipation, fecal impaction, bladder retroflexion, tenesmus, rectal prolapse, incontinence, infection
  • high surgical failure w/o castration
  • 95% of those that get it are male and intact
  • very common and extremely painful
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8
Q

prostatic neoplasia and elective castration

A
  • study concluded that prostatic carcinoma/adenomacarcinoma 2.8x greater than intact, but was biased
  • has low incidence to begin with
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9
Q

testicular neoplasia and elective castration

A

-sertoli cell, leydig and semimomas common, which is prevented and usually curative with castration since these tumors rarely spread

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10
Q

preparation for sx

A

-PE of CV, respiratory, hydration, body condition, and integument

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11
Q

pre-op diagnostics

A

PCV and TS
BG and BUN
Chemistry, CBC, and UA
ectoparasites, fecal exams and viral screens

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12
Q

complications of castration

A
  • hemorrhage (hematoma 10%)
  • urethral ligation
  • prostatic ligation
  • surgical site infection (rare)
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13
Q

how to tx hemorrhage in spayed female

A

-make incision bigger
-If R ovarian pedicle, use mesoduodenum to retract viscera
-soak up blood with lap pads, find pedicle and put ligature on it
(more common to have bleed/remnant on R side because it is tucked up higher in the abd)
-triple clamp with encircling ligature with transfixing ligature above it to minimize chance of bleed

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14
Q

more common for uterine a. to get ligated than ovarian a.

A

:)

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15
Q

incidence of surgical site infection

A

t need to put on prophylactic/therapeutic abx

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16
Q

complications of OVH

A
  • hemorrhage
  • ureteral ligation
  • ovarian remnant
  • urinary incontinence
17
Q

what hormone causes pyometra?**

A

progesterone

  • comes from ovaries only
  • dilates uterine smooth m., while cervix closes up and glands produce secretions
18
Q

what percent of ovarian remnants occur on R side?

A

70%

19
Q

what % of neutered female dogs will develop urinary incontinence, esp. if neutered early?

A

12% (70% develop lower pressure, usually subclinical)

-recommend neutering large breed dogs at 8mo.