L18: Basic Reproductive Sx (Case)

Question 1

gonadectomy

Answer 1

surgical removal of the reproductive organs (ovaries, testes)
-OVH and castration most common method and procedure in US

Question 2

indications for elective gonadectomy

Answer 2

• pet overpopulation (>3 million dogs and cats euthanized in shelters annually)
• sex-based aggression
• mammary neoplasia (90% malignant in cats!)
• pyometra
• uterine/ovarian neoplasia
• prostatic disease
• perineal herniation
• testicular neoplasia

Question 3

what % of intact female dogs get pyometras by 10yrs of age?

Answer 3

25%

Question 4

what % uterine/ovarian neoplasia benign?

Answer 4

90%

Question 5

T/F: risk of ovarian tumor small

Answer 5

T

-epithelial (adenoma or adenocarcinoma) or stromal (granulosa cell)

Question 6

incidence of prostatic disease in intact dogs

Answer 6

50% by 5yrs

-ie. cysts, abscess

Question 7

consequences of perineal herniation

Answer 7

• dyschezia, obstipation, fecal impaction, bladder retroflexion, tenesmus, rectal prolapse, incontinence, infection
• high surgical failure w/o castration
• 95% of those that get it are male and intact
• very common and extremely painful

Question 8

prostatic neoplasia and elective castration

Answer 8

• study concluded that prostatic carcinoma/adenomacarcinoma 2.8x greater than intact, but was biased
• has low incidence to begin with

Question 9

testicular neoplasia and elective castration

Answer 9

-sertoli cell, leydig and semimomas common, which is prevented and usually curative with castration since these tumors rarely spread

Question 10

preparation for sx

Answer 10

-PE of CV, respiratory, hydration, body condition, and integument

Question 11

pre-op diagnostics

Answer 11

PCV and TS
BG and BUN
Chemistry, CBC, and UA
ectoparasites, fecal exams and viral screens

Question 12

complications of castration

Answer 12

• hemorrhage (hematoma 10%)
• urethral ligation
• prostatic ligation
• surgical site infection (rare)

Question 13

how to tx hemorrhage in spayed female

Answer 13

-make incision bigger
-If R ovarian pedicle, use mesoduodenum to retract viscera
-soak up blood with lap pads, find pedicle and put ligature on it
(more common to have bleed/remnant on R side because it is tucked up higher in the abd)
-triple clamp with encircling ligature with transfixing ligature above it to minimize chance of bleed

Question 14

more common for uterine a. to get ligated than ovarian a.

Answer 14

:)

Question 15

incidence of surgical site infection

Answer 15

t need to put on prophylactic/therapeutic abx

Question 16

complications of OVH

Answer 16

• hemorrhage
• ureteral ligation
• ovarian remnant
• urinary incontinence

Question 17

what hormone causes pyometra?**

Answer 17

progesterone

• comes from ovaries only
• dilates uterine smooth m., while cervix closes up and glands produce secretions

Question 18

what percent of ovarian remnants occur on R side?

Answer 18

70%

Question 19

what % of neutered female dogs will develop urinary incontinence, esp. if neutered early?

Answer 19

12% (70% develop lower pressure, usually subclinical)

-recommend neutering large breed dogs at 8mo.