L2.2 Behaviour Change & Motivational Interviewing

Question 1

what are the three behaviour change models and frameworks?

Answer 1

1. health belief model
2. stages of change model (transtheoretical model of change)
3. theoretical domains framework

Question 2

in regards to the health belief model, people are more likely to undertake a health-related action if…

Answer 2

• they perceive that a health threat can be avoided
• they have a positive expectation that adopting a recommended action will over the health threat
• they are confident that they can adopt the recommended health action

Question 3

in regards to the health belief model, you can support behaviour change by….

Answer 3

1. increasing clients’ perception of their vulnerability to the health problem/threat
2. highlighting the seriousness of the problem and its consequences
3. presenting the benefits of the recommended action to manage the problems
4. identifying barriers to adopting the recommended action
5. identify cues to action or a readiness plan
   (see notes of in depth explanation)

Question 4

what does the health belief model not account for?

Answer 4

• a person’s attitudes, beliefs, or other individual determinants that dictate a person’s acceptance of a health behaviour
• behaviours that are a habitual (e.g. smoking)
• behaviours that are performed for non-health related reasons such as social acceptability
• environmental or economic factors that may prohibit or promote the recommended action
• it assumes that everyone has access to equal amounts of information on the illness or diseases
• it assumes that health is the main goal in the decision-making process

Question 5

what are the stages of change model and motivational interviewing?

Answer 5

1. pre-contemplation (client is not yet considering change or is unwilling to change)
2. contemplation (the client acknowledges concerns and is considering the possibility of change in the near future but is ambivalent and uncertain)
3. preparation (the client is committed to and planning to make change in the near future but is still considering what to do. the individual moves from thinking about behaviour change to planning it)
4. action (the client is actively take steps to change - and has done so - but had not yet reached a stable state)
5. maintenance (the client has achieved initial goals, e.g. started a healthy diet, and is now working to maintain gains/prevent ‘relapse’
   (see notes for motivational strategies for each step)

Question 6

explain motivational interviewing

Answer 6

motivational interviewing is a person-centred, directive method for enhancing intrinsic motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence.
for people to make a change in behaviour they need to: recognise that the current behaviour is a concern or a problem -> believe that they will be better off if they change -> believe that they are able to change

Question 7

explain theoretical domains framework

Answer 7

• based on 33 behaviour change theories
• to understand determinants (barriers and enablers) of behaviour change
• developed to help clinicians think about factors influencing behaviours of health professionals but is also helpful for thinking about barriers and enablers to changing clients health behaviours