l22 Flashcards
which 2 inputs does higher order integration involve
integration between motor and sensory inputs and output
give examples of processes that have to do with Association cortex: higher order integration
Interpretation of sensory information
Association of perception with previous experience
Focusing of attention
Conscious thought
Goal-directed action
Give the basic hierarchical organisation of sensory systems
Association cortex
Secondary sensory cortex
Primary sensory cortex
Thalamic relay nuclei
Receptors
what is Unimodal association areas (single modality
association of info from 1 form of modality
what is Multimodal association areas (>1 modalities)
association from more than 1 form of modality- ie someones face and voice to recognise them
what occurs in Multimodal sensory association areas when they project to multimodal motor association areas (rostral to M1)
Primary sensory area: initial stage of processing,
Primary motor area: final stage for cortical processing of motor commands
what happens if v4 is damaged
V4 damage means you cant perceive colour
what happens if v5 is damaged
v5- damage means you cant perceive motion
what occurs in the FEF cortical area
connects perception with action- ie reading and pronouncing with mouth
where does all the information eventually end up
in the hippocampus
what are the 3 main multimodal association areas
Posterior association area (perception, language,
space and body part perception-standing up.., language)
Temporal association area (emotion, memory)
Prefrontal association area (executive functions)
what is the evidence for multimodal association areas
Evidence comes from observing humans with selective injuries to the cortex resulting from trauma, tumour, stroke, or surgery for underlying neurological disorder, experimental studies with monkeys, and imaging techniques for localising brain function during cognitive tasks.
what part of the brain has higher order visual processing- (bringing everything together)
temporal cortex
the man who mistook his wife for a hat had a lesion in which area
Temporal area
where was the lesion in the man who mistook his own leg for someone elses
Parietal
what is agnosias
disorders of high-level sensory analysis
what is apraxias
disorders of high-level motor co-ordination
what is aphasias
disorders in communicating and using symbols
what occurs if there is damage in the frontal cortex
Personality changes.
Long term planning and
judgment.
Working memory.
Continuity of behavioural
planning (stored program
of action).
Anxiety for the future?
what type of anxiety does the frontal cortex process
goal directed anxiety- ie exam coming up, need to revise
what is the importance of connections in cortical areas
Connections between cortical areas represent stages of information processing. At each stage progressively more abstract information is extracted from the sensory stimulus.
what occurs in the inferior temporal cortex
when recorded, and stimulus is presented,
what occurs in motor planning where General outline of behaviour -> concrete motor responses
Frontal cortex: individual neurons fire for a range of related behaviours (not specific motor responses).
Movements and complex actions result from patterns of firing of large networks of neurons in the frontal lobe. The premotor cortex generates motors programs and the neurons are active during preparation of movement.
Motor cortex neurons mainly fire to produce movements in particular directions around specific joints.
what occurs in motor planning where General outline of behaviour -> concrete motor responses
Frontal cortex: individual neurons fire for a range of related behaviours (not specific motor responses).
Movements and complex actions result from patterns of firing of large networks of neurons in the frontal lobe. The premotor cortex generates motors programs and the neurons are active during preparation of movement. Motor cortex neurons mainly fire to produce movements in particular directions around specific joints.
in right handed people what is the dominant area of motor function
the left frontal lobe is dominant, more complex for left handed ppl
what does the wada procedure test
Used to determine hemisphere dominant for speech
: inject a (parpituate???) in carotid artery, putting one hemisphere to sleep, if person can understand speech than its that hemisphere
what are the 2 different types of aphasia
see examples in the slides
Broccas- frontal cortex - telegraphic speech, nonfluent speech
Wernickes- in temporal lobe, fluent speech, poor comprehension
Asymmetrical language processing – split brain studies
what was the experiment and what evidence does it show
corpus callosum accessed, To reach the corpus callosum, a portion of the skull is removed and the cerebral hemispheres are retracted.
The hemispheres may retain some communication via the brain stem or smaller commissures (if they aren’t also severed), but most of the communication between the cerebral hemispheres is lost. The two hemispheres can initiate conflicting behaviours, e.g. alien hand syndrome
what is the alien hand syndrome
when your hands do different non-coherent actions, usually left hand.
Demonstrating language comprehension in the right hemisphere
If a split-brain person sees a word in the left visual field, he will say he sees nothing. This is because the left hemisphere, which usually controls speech, did not see the word, and the right hemisphere, which saw the word, cannot speak. However, the left hand, which is controlled by the right hemisphere, can pick out the object corresponding to the word by touch alone.
Asymmetrical language processing - split brain studies
To reach the corpus callosum, a portion of the skull is removed and the cerebral hemispheres are retracted.
The hemispheres may retain some communication via the brain stem or smaller commissures (if they aren’t also severed), but most of the communication between the cerebral hemispheres is lost. The two hemispheres can initiate conflicting behaviours, e.g. alien hand syndrome.
