L20 opioids Flashcards
acute pain
- It is a normal, predicted physiological response to a noxious chemical, thermal or mechanical stimulus.
- sudden onset, lasting hrs-days (not > 6 ms)
- Disappears once the underlying cause is treated.
- Beneficial in a sense that it is a warning of actual or potential physical harm; signaling that damage has occurred & that something needs to be done.
chronic pain
- It is the pain that starts acute & continues beyond normal time expected or persists or recurs for various other reasons.
- It outlived its usefulness & is no longer beneficial to patient.
Goals of pain managment
acute pain- reduce pain and treat the cause
chronic pain- reduce pain
what are the effects of the Delta (δ)
(OP1) receptor
Analgesia
Antidepressant effects
Physical dependence
what are the effects of the Kappa (κ)
(OP2) receptor
Spinal analgesia Sedation Miosis Inhibition of ADH release dysphoria
how do opioid work on pre-synaptic nerves
they decrease Ca and increase K+ which decreases NT release (hyperpolarizes the nerve)
how do opioids work on post-synaptic nerves
increase K+ creating an IPSP (hyperpolarizes decreases the probability of an AP)
opiods affects on the CNS
euphoria sedation cough supression miosis temperature (hot) respiratory depression**
strong opioids
morphine
methadone
meperidine
moderately strong opioids
codeine
oxycodone
receptor agoinist-antagoinists
pentazocine
buprenophine
opioid antagoinst
naloxone
Opioid overdose
sedation/drowsy can lead to a stupor and coma
HR is slowed
lungs- suppressed cough, slows breathing can lead to respiratory failure
stomach- deperssed bowel activity
mophine
use:
side effects:
antidote:
use: sever pain
side effects: constipation, addicition, tolerance
antidote: naloxone
merperidine
use:
side effects:
use: sever pain
side effects: seizures, dysphoria, tremor, respiratory depression
also binds K+ channels, muscarinic receptors
do NOT use naloxone
