L20

Question 1

a hallucinogen is a psychoactive agent that causes causes changes in perception (hallucinations)
Also associated with __,__,__

Answer 1

a hallucinogen is a psychoactive agent that causes causes changes in perception (hallucinations)

Thoughts, emotions, consciousness

Question 2

most hallucinogen drugs alter function of the __ (predominantly ___) or ____ systems

Answer 2

most hallucinogen drugs alter function of the monoaminergic or glutmatergic systems

Question 3

Hallcuinogen criteria
1. changes in thought, perception, and mood should
____
2. intellectual or memory _____ should be ____
3. stupor, narcosis, or excessive stimulation should/should not be an integral effect
4. autonomic nervous system side effects should be _____
5. addictive craving should be _____

Answer 3

Hallcuinogen criteria
1. changes in thought, perception, and mood should
predominate
2. intellectual or memory impairment should be minimal
3. stupor, narcosis, or excessive stimulation should not be an integral effect
4. autonomic nervous system side effects should be minimal
5. addictive craving should be absent

Question 4

classic psychedelics eg

Answer 4

LSD, psilocybiin, mescaline

Question 5

common mechanism of action for classic psychedelics

Answer 5

5HT2a r

Question 6

Lysergamides •Discovered accidentally by the pharmacologist

Answer 6

Dr. Albert Hofmann

Question 7

•ergot alkaloids are compounds that are

produced by a__ that grows on __

Answer 7

fungus

rye

Question 8

ergot alkaloids good –

potential treatment for –

Answer 8

vasoconstrictors,

migraine

Question 9

t/f: •pure ergot derivative not very stable in solution,

Answer 9

t

Question 10

•The lower the dissociation
constant (Ki), the more__ LSD binds to that
receptors

Answer 10

strongly

Question 11

Hallucinogenic effects

mediated by __

Answer 11

5HT-2a

Question 12

LSD is a high affinity
__ __ at 5-
HT2a receptors

Answer 12

partial agonist

Question 13

t/f: all 5HT-2a agonist are
hallucinogenic
why

Answer 13

f

Biased agonism.

Question 14

LSD activates __ __

instead of phospholipase C, like__ does

Answer 14

phospholipase A2

serotonin

Question 15

pretreatment with a 5HT2a
antagonist (__)
blocked__ effects
of LSD

Answer 15

Ketanserin

hallucinogenic

Question 16

Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD):

Answer 16

distressing visual hallucinations that appear following drug use

Question 17

•__dose of LSD can lead to profound tolerance that

lasts for several__

Answer 17

Single

days

Question 18

•Tolerance is accompanied by__ of 5-__but not other 5-HT receptors.

Answer 18

downregulation

HT2

Question 19

\_\_ of LSD with other hallucinogens acting at
serotonin receptors (psilocybin, DMT)

Answer 19

•Cross-tolerance

Question 20

Psilocybin structure

structural homology with

Answer 20

an indole molecule (6 membered benzene ring
fused to a five membered pyrrole ring) with an amine
group

5ht

Question 21

naturally occurring hallucinogen
compound produced by psilocybin
mushrooms

Answer 21

Psilocybin

Question 22

• used by humans in religious ceremonies

for thousands of years

Answer 22

Psilocybin

Question 23

Psilocybin effects when iingested

Answer 23

euphoria, visual
and mental hallucinations, changes in
perception and distorted sense fo time,
spiritual experiences
• adverse reactions of nausea and panic
attacks

Question 24

Psilocybin prodrug metabolization

Answer 24

dephosphorylated to psilocin in the body

Question 25

psilocin __ __ at 5HT receptors. High affinity for the 5HT-2_ and 5HT-2_receptors, with lower affinity at the 5HT-2_ receptor.

Answer 25

partial agonist b c a

Question 26

psilocin hallucinogenic effects through __ like lsd

Answer 26

5-HT2a

Question 27

Dissociative Hallucinogens • often associated with

Answer 27

analgesia

Question 28

phencyclidine (aka angel dust)

Answer 28

NMDA receptor antagonist (like | ketamine)

Question 29

Phencyclidine effect on DAT

Answer 29

inhibitor increases synaptic levels of dopamine

Question 30

Phencyclidine RARE affect on animals

Answer 30

One of the few hallucinogenic drugs that are self-administered in animals (addiction liability)

Question 31

Phencyclidine was originally marketed as an _ __ (since replaced by__)

Answer 31

anesthetic medication | ketamine

Question 32

Nitrous Oxide high/Low potency, what happens with it

Answer 32

low potency so usually administered with another gas inhalant for full anesthesia

Question 33

NO targets

Answer 33

non- competitive NMDA antagonist, stimulate endogenous opioid release, positive allosteric modulator at GABA-A receptors

Question 34

NO analgesic effect

Answer 34

to release of dynorphin and activation of kappa opioid receptor

Question 35

Deliriant Hallucinogens induce a state of delirium characterized by __ __ and inability to__ ones actions

Answer 35

extreme confusion | control

Question 36

with deliriant hallucinogens have __ lucidity levels unlike psychedelics

Answer 36

(low lucidity).

Question 37

deliriant hallucinogens tend to block

Answer 37

muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (anticholinergic)

Question 38

Datura stranmonium is a widespread poisonous | plant that contains tropane alkaloids such as__ and__

Answer 38

scopolamine | atropine

Question 39

atropine and scopolamine are __ __ at the muscarinic cholinergic receptors

Answer 39

competitive | antagonists

Question 40

is datura lethal at higher doses and cause hallucinations?

Answer 40

yes

Question 41

First generation anti-histamines (like diphenhydramine) can also produce deliriant___ at very__ doses related to their __ effects

Answer 41

hallucinations high anti-cholinergic