L19 Flashcards
•mu, delta and kappa opioid
receptors are localized on ___ and ___
afferents in the ___ and __ __
primary, secondary
skin, spinal chord
•agonist binding to opioid receptors__ pain transmission from skin to brain
inhibits
•opioid receptors are also localized in
the brainstem (__ __)
where they increase __ __ __ __
rostroventral medulla
diffuse noxious inhibitory control
diffuse noxious inhibitory circuit comprised of descending__
and__ neurons in the__
that inhibit or activate pain synapses in
the spinal cord
•allows our brain to___ the amount of nociceptive information that reaches the brain
excitatory
inhibitory
medulla
gate
•mu and delta opioid receptors
are located on the__ cells in
the medulla
ON
•activation of opioid receptors
leads to___ of medulla
ON cells
produces a net__ in nociceptive signals reaching the brain
inhibition
reduction
• Dopamine is involved in___ behavior.
motivated
Dopamine neurons are located primarily in the
ventral tegmental area (VTA)
Mu opioid receptors in the VTA are located on
inhibitory GABAergic interneurons
So, opioids inhibit inhibition (called____)
leading to dopamine__
disinhibition
release
opiod r inhibit pain by
1) __ nociception at the level of the __, in the __ __, and in the _ _
2) __ the emotional and cognitive aspects of pain (make the pain bother you less)
1) decreasing nociception at the level of the nociceptor, in the spinal cord, and in the brain stem
2) decreasing the emotional and cognitive aspects of pain (make the pain bother you less)
t/f: Drugs that target the sensory, as well as cognitive
and emotional circuits, will always be better analgesics
t
opioids are good analgesics because
they are rewarding (i.e: addictive).
•most opioid agonists used
for pain are__ agonists
drugs eg
same efficacy/potency?
mu
morphine, fentanyl, codeine,
oxycodone
different
•delta agonists are being developed for
development initially limited because of
chronic migraine
side effects (seizures)
delta agonist - isolate the analgesic effects from seizures through
biased
agonism