L2 - The Nervous System

Question 1

what is neuropsychology

Answer 1

study of brain damage

Question 2

electrical activity of the brain - EEG

Answer 2

activity when it happens from moment to moment

Question 3

neuroimaging:
PET

Answer 3

where activity happens - not too precise

Question 4

neuroimaging:
fMRI

Answer 4

where activity happens - increasingly more precise

Question 5

neuroimaging:
MEG

Answer 5

where and when activity happens

Question 6

neuroimaging:
TMS

Answer 6

stimulation (increase/decrease) of brain activity in specific region of brain

Question 7

neuropsychology

Answer 7

CT scans show location of lesion (damage)
E.g. Phineas Gage - rod went through skull & survived = behaviour changed

Question 8

EEG

Answer 8

measures electrical activity of brain
helps establish when activity occurs

Question 9

EEG during sleep

Answer 9

different types of brain activity associated with different sleep stages

Question 10

Even Related Potentials (ERPs)

Answer 10

used in neurobiological research investigating psychological functions
measure activity in response to specific stimulus

Question 11

neural structures

Answer 11

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
neuroanatomy: identifies different regions of brain & nervous system

Question 12

neural functions

Answer 12

functional magnetic response imaging (fMRI)
measures blood flow in brain during mental activity
establishes role of different brain regions in psychological functioning

Question 13

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Answer 13

stimulates brain activity
establishes role of different brain regions in psychological functioning

Question 14

Nervous system:
structure

Answer 14

CNS - central NS
PNS - peripheral NS
SNS - somatic NS
ENS - enteric NS

Question 15

PNS - autonomic NS (internal organs - heart, lungs)

Answer 15

sympathetic NS
parasympathetic NS

Question 16

SNS

Answer 16

enables interaction between us & environment

Question 17

SNS:
afferent pathways

Answer 17

connects brain to sensory organs to receive incoming info

Question 18

SNS:
efferent pathways

Answer 18

connects brain to muscles to produce movement

Question 19

SNS consists of:

Answer 19

12 pairs of cranial nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves

Question 20

ANS

Answer 20

regulates internal organs - autonomous = voluntary control

Question 21

ANS:
sympathetic NS

Answer 21

fight or flight: prepares body for action - increased HR & BP

Question 22

ANS:
parasympathetic NS

Answer 22

rest & digest: helps body relax - decreased HR & BP

Question 23

ENS

Answer 23

regulates digestion
helps control nutrient & waste elimination

Question 24

The neuron

Answer 24

structure: building blocks of NS
function: basic info - processing unit

Question 25

neuron: function

Answer 25

neurons = functional units of NS interactions between neurons enable behaviour neurons transmit info from one another via synapases

Question 26

sensory neuron

Answer 26

carry info from body - spinal cord & brain

Question 27

motor neuron

Answer 27

carry info from NS - muscles & internal organs

Question 28

interneurons

Answer 28

receive info from neurons & pass it to other neurons

Question 29

multipolar

Answer 29

many dendrites single axon

Question 30

bipolar

Answer 30

one dendrite one axon

Question 31

unipolar

Answer 31

single axon branching 2 directions

Question 32

synapse

Answer 32

function: info processing unit

Question 33

neurotransmitters: key role

Answer 33

communicating info between neurons influencing chain of biochemical reactions that allows neurons to pass info - activate eachother different types - excitatory & inhibitory supporting different anatomical networks in NS

Question 34

neurotransmitters: supporting different brain networks & functions ACh: cholinergic networks

Answer 34

attention, learning, memory

Question 35

neurotransmitters: supporting different brain networks & functions Da: dopaminergic networks

Answer 35

movement & motor control reward & reinforcement

Question 36

neurotransmitters: supporting different brain networks & functions serotonin: serotonergic networks

Answer 36

mood, sexual behaviour, anxiety

Question 37

Glia: support cells astrocytes

Answer 37

nutrition - link between neurons & blood vessels - edema when injured

Question 38

Glia: support cells microglia

Answer 38

'clean up crew' - remove debris from damaged cells - not Alzheimers

Question 39

Glia: support cells olygodendrocytes

Answer 39

myelination in CNS

Question 40

Glia: support cells schwann cells

Answer 40

myelination in PNS

Question 41

Glia: support cells myelin sheath thickness

Answer 41

speed of electrical conductance (thicker = faster)