L2: Sign of preg and care Flashcards
What is the length of the trimesters
1st: weeks 1-13
2nd: weeks 14-26
3rd: weeks 27- delivery
Each one is 3 months
what is antepartum?
time from conception to before birth. Also known as prenatal
What is intrapartum?
time during birth
When is baby considered term
37 to 41 weeks
when is baby post term
beyond 41 weeks + 3 days
Preterm is when a baby is
less than 37 wks
Define the following:
Gravidity
Parity
Gravida
Gravidity: pregnancy Parity: pregnancy lasting 20w or more Gravida: pregnant person Nulli- means none Multi- means 2 or more Primi- means 1
What are the presumptive (subjective) signs of pregnancy
- Amenorrhea
- fatigue
- nausea/vomitting
- breast and nipple changes
- increase peeing frequency
- quickening
What are the probable signs of pregnancy
- Goodell’s sign: softening of the cervix with edema and friability
- Chadwick’s sign: deepening of vaginal/cervix colour (bc of inc vascularization)
- Hegar’s sign: softening of the lower uterus. Cervix and the uterus seem to be two separate regions.
- Serum or urine hCG test. (false result is possible)
Home pregnancy test tests for what molecule?
hCG or beta-subunit of hCG
The first void of the day has less hCG in it
False: it has the most
What are the conclusive diagnoses of pregnancy?
- Ultrasound visualization of fetus
- Examiner feels quickening. Only after 20w of preg
- fetal heart detected via ultrasound doppler. Only possible after 8-12 wks
T or F: calculating ultrasound EDB during the first trimester is the most accurate method.
True
How do you calculate EDB from an ultrasound
Measurement of head to rump and head circumference
when are you able to see the fetus in an ultrasound
by 6wks
Uterine changes during pregnancy
Uterus changes from an upside down pear shape to an egg-like shape.
The fundus of the uterus can rise up to the xyphoid process. By 14 weeks it is palpable and by 20wks you can feel it at the umbilicus. Fundus height is measured from pubic symphysis to the fundus
What are Braxton hicks
Non/pre-labour contractions that start intermittently after the 4th month. They are mostly painless and go away with activity. The purpose is to inc blood flow to the uterus and fetus.
Explain the 5-1-2 rule
Labour contractions are at least 5 min apart, that last 1 minute for more than 2 hours.
What do we advise a patient to do when they are experiencing false contractions?
Relax, drink water, take a nice warm bath
How to tell if your pt’s contractions are true?
They increase in continue while increasing in frequency and intensity
What happens to the cervix close to labour?
The mucus plug that has formed to protect the amniotic sac will fall out. This can happen a couple of weeks before labour to during labour
What are some changes to the vulvar and vaginal regions
Edema, inc vascularity which leads to inc sensitivity, tissue loosens, more mucus (with acidic pH to protect from organisms).
Inc vascularity can lead to varicosities
What are some changes to breasts?
The changes are due to more progesterone and estrogen.
- hypertrophy of the Montgomery glands (sebaceous glands)
- More Erect nipple
Larger and darker areola
- More sensitive and tingly
- increased alveolar tissue and lactiferous glands (milk)
- May express colostrum within 16wks of gestation
What are some changes to the cardiovascular system
- Heart is shifted up and left
- s1 will sound louder
- decreased diastolic BP. Unchanged systolic BP.
- HR will inc by 10-15 beats
- Stroke volume will increase early on and then dec during late gestation