L2: Positive/Negative Symptoms Flashcards
What are positive symptoms?
Things added onto personality e.g hallucinations and delusions
What are negative symptoms?
Reduction or loss of normal functioning, weakened ability to cope and manage everyday life e.g speech poverty and avolition
What are the types of hallucinations are there?
Auditory
Visual
Olfactory
Tactile
Describe Auditory Hallucinations:
- Hear voices that don’t exist.
- They are loud
- Can sound like the patient or a stranger.
- There can be multiple voices
- They give a running commentary and negative comments.
- Patients may respond to them
Describe Visual Hallucinations:
- Patient sees things that do not exist
- Might have vivid & disturbing images
Describe Olfactory Hallucinations:
- Smells odours that do not exist
- e.g smell gas/burning
Describe Tactile Hallucinations:
- Believe that they can feel things that aren’t present
- e.g someone touching them or intense burning/heat
What are the types of delusions?
- Delusions of grandeur
- Delusions of persecution
- Delusions of reference
Describe Delusions of Grandeur
- Patient believes they are someone important/powerful
- They might believe they have special powers and could cause harm
Describe Delusions of Persecution
- Patient believes everyone is conspiring against them and everyone dislikes them
- Has a negative attitude towards most people
Describe Delusions of Reference:
- Believes objects, events and songs have a personal significance that refers directly to them
- Might become emotionally attached and name the object & talk to it.
Describe Speech Poverty
- Speech lessened in terms of fluency and productivity
- Patients thoughts are low and blocked
- Responses are brief and with minimal elaboration
- Patients cannot spontaneously produce a long list of words
Describe Avolition
- Reduced interest to initiate/persist in goal directed behaviour
- Happy to sit and do nothing even when opportunity presents itself
- Occurs when patient has poor hygiene, lack of persistence in work or lack of energy
