L2 Obesity and Overweight Flashcards

Question

Limitations of BMI

Answer 1

based primarily on data from white people highly specific, but only moderately sensitive does not account for where weight is distributed women, older adults, non-athletes will generally have higher BMIs

Answer 2

predict disease risk

Answer 3

Gold standard for determining body composition -it is time-consuming, expensive, and difficult to perform those with higher body fat will displace more water

Answer 4

increasingly accepted as gold standard -not accurate with extremely obese, expensive uses x-rays to determine between different tissues

Answer 5

Air-displacement estimates composition from bone density may emerge as the EASIEST gold standard it is expensive, not a lot of machines still

Answer 6

Measures subcutaneous fat at several sites, equation to determine total body fat Advantages: portable and relatively easy Problems: Poor reliability and poor validity. Error can be >8%. Subcutaneous fat is not equal to total body fat.

Answer 7

Electrical current passes through tissue differently. a person with higher fat will have higher resistance Advantages: easy, quick, non-invasive Problems: hydration status impacts measurement. Poor reliability/validity. Requires lots of controls

Answer 8

Visceral fat is the most important predictor of the development of metabolic syndrome subcutaneous fat around thighs is a negative predictor of metabolic syndrome

Answer 9

Low health risk were associated with Males <.8 Females <.7

Answer 10

body fat stored at hips is associated with some protection against CVD body fat stored in abdomen is associated with health risks and obesity This method is easy to perform and correlates with disease risk

Answer 11

In obesity, the ability of adipose tissue to store excess calories is impiared b/c fat cells become insulin resistance. They can no longer take up glucose. So ectopic fat accumulates in organs and muscle.

Answer 12

is an indicator of abdominal fat increased waist circumference can be a marker for increased disease risk (even at a healthy weight) disease risk increases with increasing waist measurement

Answer 13

Risk increases with Males >40 in Females >35 in

Answer 14

Branch of medicine that deals with causes, prevention and treatment of obesity

Answer 15

Help individuals achieve a healthier weight, not an ideal one Weight loss as small as 5-10% of initial weight is sufficient to improve obesity related complications

Answer 16

Diet Exercise Drugs Bariatric surgery Behavioral modifications Psychotherapy Decreasing sedentary activity

Answer 17

oral drug that prevents fat absorption by inhibiting pancreatic lipase

Answer 18

also known as Ozempic weekly SQ injection MOA: activates glucagon-like-peptide (GLP-1) receptor, which increases insulin secretion, decreases glucagon ADR: GI, injection site reactions Newest drug that has shown superiority with improving glycemic control, reducing weight, BP, and cardioprotective effect

Answer 19

OTC version of orlistat (reduced strength) inhibits lipase, which decreases the ability to digest ingested fat about 3+ lbs a year ADRs: Gas with oily discharge, loose stools, hard to control bowl movements

Answer 20

performed on individuals >100 lbs over ideal body weight, BMI >40 most effective weight loss intervention for those with class 3 obesity. Also resolves comorbidities

Answer 21

migraines, liver disease, diabetes, quality of life, GERD, cardio diseases, mortality

Answer 22

Gastric bypass had the most people without using medication in comparison to medical therapy and sleeve gastrectomy

Answer 23

-changes in eating and exercise -walking regularly -ate breakfast -weighed themselves once a week -watched less TV

Answer 24

deficit of 500 kcal/day should result in initial weight loss of 1 pound a week dietary adherence is the most important predictor of weight loss, irrespective of type of diet Eliminate caloric beverages and processed foods, portion control, self-monitoring

Answer 25

excess calories from foods high in sugars or saturated fats may be more likely to settle in deep belly fat

Answer 26

those that are told to cut calories lose more weight than those that are told to exercise more

Answer 27

do not over-compensate because you are exercising it is more important to incorporate activity throughout the day rather than relying on exercise bouts

Answer 28

exercise only modestly improves weight loss it is difficult to maintain to exercise programs, weight loss is not seen on the scale It is important in preventing obesity and maintaining long term weight loss and preserving lean body mass while dieting Requires >1 hour per day of mod intensity to maintain weight loss

Answer 29

glycemic control lipid profiles blood pressure body composition aerobic fitness hemostatic factors

Answer 30

huge decrease in basal metabolic rate Major changes in hormones that drive appetite

Answer 31

reasonable estimate of daily activity for healthy adults not reasonable for children or certain groups helpful for those that are pedometer dependent individuals who achieve 10,000 are seen as "active)

Answer 32

need about 100 steps/min for 30 min/day to acheive moderate exercise intensity by walking Health benefits can be acheived with exercise bouts lasting at least 10 min. Try to get 1000 steps in 10 min

Answer 33

activity that occurs in the remaining time OUTSIDE of the 150 min of exercise is critical to health prolonged sitting was a risk factor for all-cause mortality, independent of PA Try to sit less than 8 hours a day and meet PA requirements to decrease mortality rates

Answer 34

sitting and lying down while being awake, and incur no more than 1.5 mets most individuals are sedentary and inactive

Answer 35

increased plasma triglyceride levels decreases plasma HDL level affects carb metabolism decreases insulin sensitivity

Answer 36

1. Get past the concept of scheduled exercise sessions 2. Change commuting habits 3. Stand up every 30 min and walk for 5 min 4. Stand up for tasks 5. Walk up stairs 6. Educate that threshold for benefits is low!

Answer 37

Avoid processed carbs fill up on fiber exercise for your health cut yourself some slack ask for help

Answer 38

3 to 5 minutes

Answer 39

Talk Non-offensive terms Advice they can use

Answer 40

1. Address your pts' chief health concerns or complaints first, independent of weight 2. Open the discussion 3. Decide if the pt is ready to control weight 4. Set a weight goal 5. Prescribe healthy eating and PA behaviors 6. Follow up

Answer 41

5 to 10% reduction in body weight over 6 months 1.5 to 2 lbs per week

Answer 42

1. I can lose it later 2. Once its off, it will stay off 3. Fat is fat, no matter where it is 4. You have to go out of your way to overeat 5. All extra calories are equal 6. You can boost your metabolism 7. There's a magic bullet diet 8. I can work off the extra calories

Answer 43

1. Slower metabolism and less lean mass make it hard to lose extra pounds 2. Many dieters gain back weight because they begin to eat more 3. Extra calories can lead to fat, like deep-belly which is dangerous 4. What is typically served in restaurants is high calories 5. Excess calories from food high in sugar or unhealthy fats may be more likely to settle in the belly 6. Don't depend on "metabolism boosters" 7. Don't depend on a miracle diet 8. Don't count on exercise alone to lose weight