L2- Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards
1
Q
- Which of the following is a feature of eukaryotic cells but NOT prokaryotic cells?
a) Lack of a membrane-bound nucleus
b) Presence of mitochondria
c) Small size compared to other cells
d) Lack of cytoplasm
A
- b) Presence of mitochondria
o Rationale: Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, which are absent in prokaryotic cells.
2
Q
- What is the primary function of the mitochondria?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Digestion of macromolecules
c) ATP production
d) DNA storage
A
- c) ATP production
o Rationale: Mitochondria are the “powerhouse” of the cell, converting oxygen and nutrients into ATP, which is the cell’s energy currency.
3
Q
- Which organelle is responsible for modifying proteins and preparing them for export out of the cell?
a) Ribosomes
b) Lysosomes
c) Golgi apparatus
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
A
Golgi apparatus
o Rationale: The Golgi apparatus processes, modifies, and packages proteins for transport out of the cell or to different parts of the cell.
4
Q
- In which part of the cell does the majority of the cell’s ATP production occur?
a) Cytoplasm
b) Mitochondrial matrix
c) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d) Golgi apparatus
A
Mitochondrial matrix
o Rationale: The mitochondrial matrix contains enzymes that are involved in ATP production, particularly during the Krebs cycle.
5
Q
- The plasma membrane allows all substances to pass freely into and out of the cell.
o True
o False
A
- False
o Rationale: The plasma membrane is selectively permeable, meaning it only allows certain substances to pass through.
6
Q
- Lysosomes are responsible for the breakdown of cellular waste and foreign material.
o True
o False
A
- True
o Rationale: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down waste materials and foreign invaders.
7
Q
- The ____________________ is the control center of the cell and is responsible for storing genetic material.
A
- Nucleus
o Rationale: The nucleus stores genetic material (DNA) and regulates the cell’s activities.
8
Q
- ____________________ are responsible for synthesizing proteins using information provided by the DNA.
A
- Ribosomes
o Rationale: Ribosomes are responsible for synthesizing proteins by translating mRNA sequences.
9
Q
- Explain the difference between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum in terms of structure and function.
A
- The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is studded with ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis, whereas the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification processes.
o Rationale: The rough ER helps synthesize proteins due to the ribosomes attached to it, while the smooth ER focuses on lipid metabolism.
10
Q
- Describe the role of the Golgi apparatus in protein modification and transportation.
A
- The Golgi apparatus modifies proteins by adding carbohydrates or lipids and packages them into vesicles for transport either to other locations within the cell or for export outside the cell.
o Rationale: The Golgi apparatus is like a shipping center, processing and dispatching proteins to their destinations.
11
Q
Select All That Apply”
11. Which of the following are functions of the plasma membrane?
* a) Allows certain substances to pass through selectively
* b) Produces ATP for the cell
* c) Contains cholesterol to maintain fluidity
* d) Aids in the digestion of cellular waste
A
- a), c)
o Rationale: The plasma membrane selectively regulates substance passage and contains cholesterol to help maintain fluidity.
12
Q
“Select All That Apply”
12. Which of the following structures contain DNA?
* a) Nucleus
* b) Mitochondria
* c) Ribosomes
* d) Golgi apparatus
A
- a), b)
o Rationale: Both the nucleus and mitochondria contain DNA; ribosomes and Golgi apparatus do not.
13
Q
Matching
13. Match the following organelles with their primary function:
Organelle Function
a) Mitochondria 1) Protein synthesis
b) Ribosomes 2) ATP production
c) Golgi apparatus 3) Protein modification
d) Lysosomes 4) Digestion of macromolecules
A
- a-2, b-1, c-3, d-4
* Rationale: Each organelle has a distinct function: mitochondria produce ATP, ribosomes synthesize proteins, the Golgi apparatus modifies proteins, and lysosomes digest macromolecules.
13
Q
Case-Based Short Answer
14. A patient presents with a genetic condition that impairs mitochondrial function. What impact might this have on the cell, and which tissues or organs would be most affected?
(Hint: Consider the role of mitochondria in energy production.)
A
- Mitochondrial dysfunction would reduce the cell’s ability to produce ATP, leading to decreased energy availability. Organs that require high energy, such as the brain, muscles, and heart, would be most affected.
* Rationale: Mitochondria are critical for energy production, so tissues with high energy demands would suffer the most.
14
Q
- If a mutation disrupts the nuclear pores, how would this affect the cell’s ability to function?
(Hint: Consider the transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.)
A
- If nuclear pores are disrupted, essential molecules like mRNA, proteins, and enzymes cannot pass between the nucleus and cytoplasm, impeding processes like protein synthesis, cell division, and overall cell function.
* Rationale: Nuclear pores regulate the exchange of materials, and disrupting this would affect the cell’s core activities.
15
Q
Diagram Labeling
16. Label the organelles of the eukaryotic cell in the diagram provided.
(Provide a simple eukaryotic cell diagram for students to label.)
A
- (Provide labelled diagram as answer)
* Rationale: Students should correctly label organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoplasm.
16
Q
- Which organelle is responsible for producing lipids and detoxifying harmful substances?
a) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
b) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
c) Golgi Apparatus
d) Mitochondria
A
- b) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rationale: The smooth ER synthesizes lipids and detoxifies harmful substances in the cell
17
Q
- What component of the cell is primarily involved in maintaining its shape and facilitating intracellular transport?
a) Centrioles
b) Microtubules
c) Ribosomes
d) Lysosomes
A
- b) Microtubules
Rationale: Microtubules help maintain cell shape and assist in transporting vesicles and organelles within the cell
18
Q
- Which of the following structures is absent in animal cells but present in plant cells?
a) Mitochondria
b) Nucleus
c) Cell wall
d) Endoplasmic Reticulum
A
- c) Cell wall
Rationale: Animal cells do not have a cell wall, which is found in plant cells
19
Q
- What is the primary role of centrioles during cell division?
a) ATP production
b) Organizing microtubules to form the spindle
c) Synthesizing proteins
d) Digesting cellular waste
A
- b) Organizing microtubules to form the spindle
Rationale: Centrioles organize microtubules during cell division to form the spindle, which separates chromosomes
20
Q
- Mitochondria contain their own DNA, which is inherited maternally.
o True
o False
A
- True
Rationale: Mitochondria contain their own DNA, which is maternally inherited and crucial for mitochondrial function
20
Q
- The nucleus contains enzymes responsible for the digestion of cellular waste.
o True
o False
A
- False
Rationale: The nucleus contains DNA, while lysosomes are responsible for digesting cellular waste
21
Q
- Which of the following are functions of mitochondria?
* a) Energy production (ATP)
* b) Lipid synthesis
* c) Cellular respiration
* d) Detoxification of harmful substances
A
- a) Energy production (ATP), c) Cellular respiration
Rationale: Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration and energy production in the form of ATP
22
Q
- The _______________ contains the hereditary material of the cell and coordinates cell activities such as growth and reproduction.
A
- Nucleus
Rationale: The nucleus stores the cell’s hereditary material and controls activities like growth and reproduction
