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Neuro > L2: Cutaneous sensation: Touch and pain > Flashcards

L2: Cutaneous sensation: Touch and pain Flashcards

1
Q

What is the fiber type of:
* Merkel cells
* Meissener corpuscles
* Ruffini corpuscles
* Pacinian corpuscles
* Free nerve endings

A

1-4 Alpha Beta
Free nerve endings: C

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2
Q

What fiber types do these receptors have:
* Warm receptors
* Cold receptors

A

Warm: C
Cold: Alpha delta

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3
Q

What type of touch are these mechanoreceptors responsible for?
1. Meisseners
2. Merkels
3. Ruffini
4. Pacinian

A
  1. Light touch
  2. Texture and edges
  3. Stretch
  4. Deep pressure and vibration
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4
Q

What is a receptive feild?

A

Area of skin that causes a neuron to change activity (area of coverage)

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5
Q

What does two point discrimination test?

A

Size of receptive feilds. Small receptive feilds are more sensitve

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of cutaneous sensory transduction?

A

Mechanical stimuli physically opens ion channels and a potential equivalent to the amount of sensation is fired

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7
Q

What speed of adaptation do each of these receptors have:
1. Meisseners
2. Merkels
3. Pacinian
4. Ruffinis

A
  1. Rapid
  2. Slow
  3. Rapid
  4. Slow
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8
Q

What is the role of each receptor in perception of texture and pattern:
Slow adapting
Rapidly adapting

A

Place and duration
Changes in form

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9
Q

Where does somatosensory stimulation enter the spinal cord?

A

The dorsal root ganglia to the dorsal root.

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10
Q

Once in the spinal cord, where do sensory fibers travel?
1. For touch
2. For pain and temperature

A

1.Up the posterior/dorsal column
2. Lateral column

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11
Q

Where does the lower body mechanosensation travel up the spinal cord?

A

Medial posterior column

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12
Q

Where does the upper body mechanosensation travel up the spinal cord?

A

Lateral posterior column

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13
Q

Where in the caudal medulla do each synapse?
1. Lower body
2. Upper body

A
  1. Gracile nucleus
  2. Cuneate nucleus
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14
Q

What is somatotopic organization based off of?

A

Density of information recognized by the part of a body, not the body part size.

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15
Q

Where in the thalmus do the neurons for the face/body sensations synapse?

A

VPMN/VPLN

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16
Q

What receptor is resposible for the reception of capscasin?

A

VR-1 (vanilloid)

Spicy -> heat

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17
Q

Where are pain receptors located in the body?

A

THERE ARE NONE

18
Q

What type of nerve endings are associated with nociceptors?

A

Free nerve endings

19
Q

What type of pain receptor is alpha delta?

A

Excitatory amino acids (gluatamate, aspartate and ATP) responsible for acute pain

20
Q

What type of pain receptor is a C receptor?

A

Long lasting pain receptors (dull pain)

21
Q

What is the full path of lower limb touch from the receptor to the primary somatosensory cortex?

A
  1. Mechanosensory fibers enters the dorsal root gangion in the lumbar region and go to the dorsal root
  2. The stimulus traves ipsilaterally up the gracile tract until it synapses at the gracile nucleus in the medial region of the caudal medulla
  3. The neurons then cross the spinal cord in the internal arcuate fibers at the caudal medulla
  4. The fibers travel up the medial lemiscus tract until they synapse in the VPLN
  5. The impulses then make it to the primary somatosensory cortex.

Lotion-> body

22
Q

What is the full path of upper limb touch from the receptor to the primary somatosensory cortex?

A
  1. Mechanosensory receptor fibers enter the spinal cord in the dorsal root ganglion in the cervical region and enter the dorsal root.
  2. The signal then travels up the cuneate tract and synapses with the cuneate nucleus in the lateral region of the caudal medulla
  3. The fibers then cross as the internal arcruate fibers in the caudal medulla
  4. The signal travels up the medial lemiscus tract and synpases in the VPLN
  5. The information then travels to the primary somatosensory cortex.

Lotion-> body

23
Q

What is the path of touch on the face from the receptor to the primary somatosensory cortex?

A
  1. Touch fibers enter the spinal cord at the trigeminal ganglion and synapse at the principle nucleus of the trigeminal complex
  2. The fibers immediately cross the spinal cord at the medial lemiscus and travel up the trigeminal lemiscus tract
  3. The neuron synapses at the **VPMN **
  4. The signal travels from there into the primary somatosensory cortex.

Makeup -> face

24
Q

Where in the spinal cord does pain stimulus cross?

A

Anterior white comissure

25
Q

If there is damage to the left side of the spinal cord in the lower thoracic region, from what side of the body will touch and pain be affected?

A

Touch will be affected on the left side and pain will be affected on the right side

26
Q

What is lissauer’s tract?

A

2-3 segments above and below the dorsal root ganglion that add redundancy in case of injury.

27
Q

What is the path of pain and temperature in the lower body information from the receptor to the primary somatosensory cortex?

A
  1. Sensory fibers enter the dorsal root ar the lumbar region and cross immediately through the anterior white comissure
  2. The neurons then travel up the anterolateral (spinothalamic) tract to the VPLN
  3. The info then travels from the VPLN to the primary somatosensory cortex.
28
Q

What is the path of pain and temperature in the upper body information from the receptor to the primary somatosensory cortex?

A
  1. The fibers enter the dorsal horn in the lumbar region and cross immediately through the ant white commissure
  2. The stimulus then travels up the anterolateral (spinothalamic) tract to the VPLN
  3. The info travels from the VPLN to the primary somatosensory cortex.
29
Q

Where are the VPLN and VPMN located?

A

In the thalmus

30
Q

What is the path of facial pain from the receptor to the primary somatosensory cortex?

A
  1. The fibers enter the pons and travel down to the middle medulla and the caudal medulla
  2. They then cross at both and travel up the trigeminal thalamic tract to the VPMN
  3. From the VPMN, they go to the primary somatosensory cortex.
31
Q

What is the purpose of the amygdala in pain and touch perception?

A

Negative emotions

32
Q

What is the purpose of the hypothalmus in pain and touch perception?

A

Fight or flight

33
Q

What is the purpose of the PAG in pain and touch perception?

A

Pain modulation

34
Q

What is the purpose of the Superior colliculus in pain and touch perception?

A

Attention direction (vision)

35
Q

What is the purpose of the reticular formation in pain and touch perception?

A

Stimulates Ach (arousal) in order to respond to the pain

36
Q

What is the path of stimulus from the PAG to the dorsal root ganglion?

(Inhibitory response)

A
  1. Stimulus travels from the niciceptor up the anterolateral tract from the spinal cord and synapses with the PAG
  2. the PAG projects onto the raphe nucleus and the Lateral tegmental area
  3. The RN and LTA release serotonin and norEPI respectively.
  4. This stimulates a neuron that synapses with and inhbitory neuron which inhibits the signal of the nociceptor coming into the spinal cord.
37
Q

What is the function of the PAG tract?

A

Pain modulation

38
Q

What is allydonia?

A

Perception of something that is normally not painful as painful

39
Q

What is hyperalgesia?

A

Something that is normally sightly painful becomes very painful

40
Q

What is peripheral sensitization?

A

The ability to make the skin more sensitive to pain from the inflammatory response activating C fibers.

41
Q

What is centeral sensitization?

A

Sensititzation of NMDA receptors on spinal interneurons

Neuro (6 decks)

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