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Human Physiology I exam 1 > L2 Cell Membrane and Cell Transport > Flashcards

L2 Cell Membrane and Cell Transport Flashcards

1
Q

Extracellular fluid

EFC

A

Fluid outside cells

Contains plasma and interstitial fluid

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2
Q

Intracellular fluid

IFC

A

Fluid inside all body cells

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3
Q

Total body water is

A

ICF and ECF

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4
Q

Plasma membrane components

A

Phospholipid bilayer

Integral proteins

Peripheral proteins

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5
Q

Short, unsaturated hydrocarbon tails of lipid bilayer does what to permeability?

A

Increases

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6
Q

Long, saturated hydrocarbons tails of lipid bilayer does what to permeability?

A

Lowers

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7
Q

What are the two properties of particles that influence whether they can permeate a cell membrane without assistance?

A

Relative solubility of particle in lipid

Size of particle

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8
Q

Passive forces

A

No energy required

Move down concentration gradient

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9
Q

Active forces

A

Energy required

Moves against concentration gradient

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10
Q

Passive transport types

A

Diffusion

Osmosis

Channel mediated

Facilitated

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11
Q

Active transport types

A

Primary

Secondary

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12
Q

Diffusion

A

Depends on random movement/brownian motion

Molecules are really moving in both directions

There’s a net movement in the high conc. to low conc. direction

Crucial to survival of every cell

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13
Q

Factors that affect diffusion rate?

A 
Concentration gradient (deltaC)
Surface area of membrane (A)
Lipid solubility (beta)
Molecular weight (MW)
Distance/thickness (delta X)
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14
Q

What’s Fick’s Law of Diffusion?

Based on how factors affect rate of diffusion

A

Q=(deltaC)•(A)•(beta) /

sqrt (MW)•(deltaX)

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15
Q

Channel mediated transport

A

Main way ions move across membrane

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16
Q

Carrier-mediated transport

A

Membrane carrier changes shape

Can be passive or active

Example: GLUT 1 glucose transporter in erythrocytes

17
Q

What are the three types of mechanisms for active transport?

A

Uniporter (pump)
Symporter (cotransport)
Anti porter (countertransport)

18
Q

What’s the Na+ K+ ATPase pump an example of? What does it pump?

A

Primary active transport

Pumps 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in

Uses ATP

Symporter

19
Q

What’s glucose transport an example of? What happens?

A

Secondary active transport

ATP not directly used

Energy provided by Na+ gradient

Glucose travels with Na+

Antiporter

20
Q

How do you differentiate between carrier mediated transport and simple diffusion?

A

Concentration and transport rate would increase linearly for simple diffusion

Concentration and transport rate would increase and then taper off once point of saturation is reached for carrier mediated transport

21
Q

What’s osmosis?

A

Net movement of water down its concentration gradient

Against solute gradient

Diffusive

22
Q

Aquaporin channel

A

Allows more water to flow through membrane

23
Q

Permeable membrane

A

Membrane permeable to both water and solute

Water and solute both move down concentration gradient

24
Q

Semipermeable membrane (assume membrane is not fixed)

A

Permeable to water but impermeable to solute

Water will move down its concentration gradient but solute cannot

Membrane will shift

25
Q

Semipermeable membrane (assume membrane is fixed)

A

Permeable to water but impermeable to solute

Water moves down its concentration gradient but solute cannot

Hydrostatic pressure moves in opposite direction causing solute side to have more water

26
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

Pressure of a fluid due to pull of gravity on fluid

27
Q

When osmotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure are equal and opposite what happens

A

Net movement stops

28
Q

What’s osmolarity/osmolality?

A

Total concentration of particles (permeable and nonpermeable) per amount of solution

29
Q

What’s the osmolarity/osmolality of ICF and ECF?

A

~290mOsm

Same inside and outside

30
Q

Isotonic

A

Osmolarity same on both sides

31
Q

Hypertonic

A

Outside has higher osmolarity than inside

Water goes towards outside

32
Q

Hypotonic

A

More water outside than inside

Water will move inside

Human Physiology I exam 1 (12 decks)

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