L2 Brain structure and function Flashcards
What are sulci and gyri?
Grooves and ridges
What are ventricles?
Fluid filled spaces in the brain
Name the ventricles in the brain
Lateral ventricles, third ventricle (underneath), fourth ventricle (underneath the third)
What passes info from one side of the brain to the other?
Corpus callosum
Which hemisphere is involved in speech?
Left hemisphere
If a person has had their corpus callosum split, can they verbalise a word shown to the left of the fixation point?
No - word on the left is processed by the right hemisphere which is not involved in speech
What is the outer layer of neurons covering of brain (i.e. bark) called?
Cerebral cortex
What does the cerebral cortex consist of?
Grey matter (cell bodies) and white matter (axons)
What is the cerebral cortex responsible for?
higher cognitive functions.
What is the brain stem responsible for?
Several autonomic NS functions e.g. respiration, vomiting, sleep, swallowing, bladder control, vascular system.
Where is the olfractory bulb located?
At the bottom of the right hemisphere
What are the 4 main lobes of the cerebral cortex?
Clockwise: Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
In which lobe is Broca’s area located?
Frontal
In which lobe is Wernicke’s area located?
Temporal
In which lobe is the primary somatosensory cortex?
Parietal
What is the primary somatosensory cortex concerned with?
The sensations of the body
What are dorsal regions?
Regions on the top and back (like fins on a dolphin)
What is the frontal lobe concerned with?
Executive functions, motor planning,
What is the parietal lobe concerned with?
Somaotosensory input
Emotion perception, Spatial Relationships, attention.
What is the occipital lobe concerned with?
Vision: ‘What’ (ventral) and ‘Where’ (dorsal) visual streams
What is the temporal lobe concerned with?
Auditory cortex language processing (Wernicke’s area)
fusiform face area, memories
What can Damage to right parietal cortex cause?
Hemi neglect (not aware of items on one side of space)
Are language and sound located near to each other?
Yes, they are related and in the temporal lobe
Which is the last lobe to mature?
Frontal lobe – has primary motor cortex for planning movements. Frontal lobe is the last part of the brain to mature – full myelination hasn’t matures. This region is involved in planning, problem solving, emotional control, predicting consequences.
What is the fundamental difference between Broca’s & Wernicke’s Aphasia?
People with Broca’s aphasia can understand language and convey but struggle to form language.
Wernicke’s can use words and are fluent but don’t understand language.
Which hemisphere has been damaged in People with Broca’s aphasia ?
Left
What does the primary motor cortex do?
controlling and planning body movement
Name the subcortical structure that contains fluid
The limbic system
What is the Amygdala involved with?
Emotion (highly involved in fear), perception and processing.
What is the Hippocampus involved with?
Highly involved in consolidating memory.
