L2 Brain structure and function

Question 1

What are sulci and gyri?

Answer 1

Grooves and ridges

Question 2

What are ventricles?

Answer 2

Fluid filled spaces in the brain

Question 3

Name the ventricles in the brain

Answer 3

Lateral ventricles, third ventricle (underneath), fourth ventricle (underneath the third)

Question 4

What passes info from one side of the brain to the other?

Answer 4

Corpus callosum

Question 5

Which hemisphere is involved in speech?

Answer 5

Left hemisphere

Question 6

If a person has had their corpus callosum split, can they verbalise a word shown to the left of the fixation point?

Answer 6

No - word on the left is processed by the right hemisphere which is not involved in speech

Question 7

What is the outer layer of neurons covering of brain (i.e. bark) called?

Answer 7

Cerebral cortex

Question 8

What does the cerebral cortex consist of?

Answer 8

Grey matter (cell bodies) and white matter (axons)

Question 9

What is the cerebral cortex responsible for?

Answer 9

higher cognitive functions.

Question 10

What is the brain stem responsible for?

Answer 10

Several autonomic NS functions e.g. respiration, vomiting, sleep, swallowing, bladder control, vascular system.

Question 11

Where is the olfractory bulb located?

Answer 11

At the bottom of the right hemisphere

Question 12

What are the 4 main lobes of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 12

Clockwise: Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

Question 13

In which lobe is Broca’s area located?

Answer 13

Frontal

Question 14

In which lobe is Wernicke’s area located?

Answer 14

Temporal

Question 15

In which lobe is the primary somatosensory cortex?

Answer 15

Parietal

Question 16

What is the primary somatosensory cortex concerned with?

Answer 16

The sensations of the body

Question 17

What are dorsal regions?

Answer 17

Regions on the top and back (like fins on a dolphin)

Question 18

What is the frontal lobe concerned with?

Answer 18

Executive functions, motor planning,

Question 19

What is the parietal lobe concerned with?

Answer 19

Somaotosensory input

Emotion perception, Spatial Relationships, attention.

Question 20

What is the occipital lobe concerned with?

Answer 20

Vision: ‘What’ (ventral) and ‘Where’ (dorsal) visual streams

Question 21

What is the temporal lobe concerned with?

Answer 21

Auditory cortex language processing (Wernicke’s area)

fusiform face area, memories

Question 22

What can Damage to right parietal cortex cause?

Answer 22

Hemi neglect (not aware of items on one side of space)

Question 23

Are language and sound located near to each other?

Answer 23

Yes, they are related and in the temporal lobe

Question 24

Which is the last lobe to mature?

Answer 24

Frontal lobe – has primary motor cortex for planning movements. Frontal lobe is the last part of the brain to mature – full myelination hasn’t matures. This region is involved in planning, problem solving, emotional control, predicting consequences.

Question 25

What is the fundamental difference between Broca’s & Wernicke’s Aphasia?

Answer 25

People with Broca’s aphasia can understand language and convey but struggle to form language.
Wernicke’s can use words and are fluent but don’t understand language.

Question 26

Which hemisphere has been damaged in People with Broca’s aphasia ?

Answer 26

Left

Question 27

What does the primary motor cortex do?

Answer 27

controlling and planning body movement

Question 28

Name the subcortical structure that contains fluid

Answer 28

The limbic system

Question 29

What is the Amygdala involved with?

Answer 29

Emotion (highly involved in fear), perception and processing.

Question 30

What is the Hippocampus involved with?

Answer 30

Highly involved in consolidating memory.