L2

Question 1

Lipid bilayer

Answer 1

two parallel structures
each membrane has 2 dense outer layers (polar) and an internal region of lower density (non-polar)

Question 2

Phospholipids

Answer 2

Phosphatethanolamine
Phosphatidylserine
Phosphatidylcholine
phosphatidylosinitol
+ sphingomyelin

Question 3

Glycolipids

Answer 3

galactocerebrosides
gangliosides

Question 4

what determines membrane fluidity

Answer 4

double bonds increase fluidity compared to saturated.
typically 1 of each

Question 5

how is asymmetric distribution generated?

Answer 5

Flippase/floppase regulate transverse diffusion
Flippase is extra to intra
Floppase is intra to extra

Question 6

N-acylation

Answer 6

attachment of hydrocarbon chain to N-terminal

Question 7

N-terminal myristolation

Answer 7

anchors certain proteins to cytosolic leaflet of the membrane with a 14C fatty acid myristoryl chain
methionine is lost and glycine becomes N-terminal amino acid with fatty acid chain

Question 8

S-acylation

Answer 8

attachment of hydrocarbon chains to S in the side chain of a cysteine amino acid residue at the proteins surface

Question 9

S-palmitoylation

Answer 9

anchors certain cytosolic proteins to the cytosolic leaflet of the membrane with a 16C fatty acid palmitoyl group

Question 10

S-isoprenylation

Answer 10

also anchors proteins to cytosolic side of membranes
hydroC sidechain containing isoprenyl group, 5C chain with a methyl group
repeats attached to cysteine at C-terminal