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204-theme 2 -anatomy > L19. Principles of fracture management (Theme 2) > Flashcards

L19. Principles of fracture management (Theme 2) Flashcards

1
Q

what is a Seymour fracture

A

– rotation of growth plate with ‘simple’ crush injury of finger tip in a child

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2
Q

what is the aim in the septic arthritis

A

-septic arthritis

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3
Q

what are the complications of surgery

A
  • Loss of Life
  • Loss of Limb
  • Loss of function
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4
Q

what damage can occur due to complications of surgery

A

General/Systemic:

-CVS,RS,GIT,GUS,NS

Specific/Local:

  • Infection
  • Dislocation
  • Neurovascular damage
  • Fracture
  • Metalwork failure
  • Operation specific
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5
Q

what occurs during the acute handover in a trauma ward

A

ATMIST

Age
time
mechanism
injuries 
signs 
treatment
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6
Q

what is the ATLS approach in saving a life

A
  • Airway
    (- With cervical spine control
    -Give oxygen)

-breathing: ventilation- access

-

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7
Q

describe the Immediately life threatening A & B problems

A
  • A ir Obstruction
  • T ension pneumothorax
  • O pen pneumothorax
  • M assive haemothorax
  • F lail chest
  • C ardiac tamponade
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8
Q

how is circulation assessed

A
  • bleeding to die
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9
Q

how is the physiology of shock assessed

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Decreased pulse pressure
  • Altered conscious level
  • Decreased urine output
  • Reduced BP (late)
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10
Q

how can you save a life

A

Multidisciplinary care vital:
-Anaesthetists, Orthopaedics, General Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery etc etc

Communication essential

All singing from same hymn sheet

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11
Q

what contributes to the loss of a limb

A
  • Vessels
  • Nerves
  • Bones
  • Soft tissues/muscles
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12
Q

what are some vascular problems

A

1)Direct arterial injury
What to do?

2) Occlusion of venous outflow
How might this occur in a trauma patient?

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13
Q

describe the history taken for fracture management

A

AMPLE:

-Allergies
-Medications
-Past Medical Hx
-Last meal
-Environment/Event
incl Temp

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14
Q

what are red flags in specific fracture history

A
  • Vessels
  • Nerves
  • Soft tissues
  • –Viability
  • –Compartment
  • Children
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15
Q

how do you examine a fracture

A 
Start at the top, remember ATLS
Listen to the patient
Remember your anatomy
-LOOK
-FEEL (carefully)
-MOVE (carefully)
-SPECIAL TESTS (nerves and vessels)
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16
Q

how are fractures managed

A

Relieve pain:

  • -Analgesia
  • -Splint the bone

Avoid further damage:

  • Reduce dislocations
  • Straighten bent limbs
  • Re-establish circulation
  • Relieve pressure on nerves close by

Open Fractures……?

17
Q

what for investigations are used for fracture management

A 
- Investigations
Xrays
Two views
Two joints
?Two times
18
Q

describe how to classify a fracture pattern

A

Simple:
-Transverse, oblique, spiral

Comminuted:
-How many parts?

Displaced:
-Angulated, translated, burst

Special Types
-Greenstick, avulsions

19
Q

what are the different types of loading to the bone

A

1) tension-transverse
2) compression- oblique
3) bending - butterfly
4) torsion-spiral

20
Q

what are the different types of loading to the bone

A

1) tension-transverse
2) compression- oblique
3) bending - butterfly
4) torsion-spiral

21
Q

what are the basics of fracture management

A

1-reduce

2-stabilise

3-rehabilitate

22
Q

how are fractures reduced

A

Reduce: closed vs open

Correct :

Length
Alignment
Rotation

23
Q

how are fractures stabilised

A

Stabilise:

1)External – sling, POP, external fixator

2)Internal – wires
intramedullary (nail)
extramedullary (plates)

24
Q

describe polytrauma care

A

Damage Control
Vs
Early Total Care

Physiological parameters:
-Acidosis (Lactate<2)
-Hypothermia
-Coagulopathy
= terrible triad of trauma
25
Q

what are the non-union causes of polytrauma

A

Biological
hypovascular

Mechanical
poor frx stability

26
Q

go over pictures

A

how was it

27
Q 
ATOM FC
A
T
O
M
F
C
A 
A ir Obstruction
T ension pneumothorax	
O pen pneumothorax
M assive haemothorax
F lail chest
C ardiac tamponade

204-theme 2 -anatomy (15 decks)

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