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204-theme 2 -anatomy > L16: Anatomy of the leg and foot (Theme 2) > Flashcards

L16: Anatomy of the leg and foot (Theme 2) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the foot

A

Support body weight

Stability/standing

Locomotion/propulsion (lever)

Shock absorption

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2
Q

what are the bones of the leg

A

fibula

tibia

check the slide 3

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3
Q

divisions for the bones of the foot

A
  • tarsals
  • metatarsals
  • Phalanges

slide 4

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4
Q

what are the movements of the foot

A

Dorsiflexion/extension

Plantarflexion/flexion

Eversion

Inversion

Supination

Pronation

  • (feet together – inversion/adduction of front of foot)
  • feet apart – eversion/abduction of front of foot)
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5
Q

what are the joints of theterph foot

A

ankle joint - dorsiflexion/plantar flexion

intertarsal joints-invert/evert, supinate/pronate

metatarsophalangeal joints :
extension/flexion
limited abduction/adduction

interphalangeal joints-

extension/flexion

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6
Q

what type of joint is the ankle

A
  • Articulation between the talus and tibia/fibula

- Synovial hinge joint

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7
Q

clinical importance of stabilizing collateral ligaments to ankle

A

Clinical: Injury to lateral ligament (usually anterior talofibular ligament)

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8
Q

describe the subtalar joint

A

Between talus and calcaneus (+ navicular)

Allows inversion/eversion during locomotion

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9
Q

describe movements of transverse tarsal joint

A

Allows eversion/inversion and pronation/supination

  • Important for standing on uneven ground
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10
Q

what is the plantar aponeurosis

A

Thickening of deep fascia

Protects underlying structures

Supports longitudinal arch

Clinical – Plantar fasciitis (inflammation due to overuse)

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11
Q

describe importance of the arches of the foot

A

Longitudinal and transverse arches

Function:
Shock absorbers during locomotion

Act as springboards

Distribution of weight (to calcaneus + ball of foot)

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12
Q

describe the importance of longitudinal arches

A

-Supported by long tendons, intrinsic plantar muscles, intrinsic ligaments and plantar
aponeurosis

-Clinical: Fallen medial longitudinal arch can lead to pes planus (flat feet)

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13
Q

what is the transverse arch supported by

A

Supported by long tendons (mainly fibularis longus)

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14
Q

what are the muscle compartments of the leg

A

anterior: extend/invert foot
(deep fibular nerve )

posterior : flex/ invert foot (tibial nerve )

lateral : evert foot -superficial fibular nerve

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15
Q

muscles in the anterior leg

A

Three muscles
Extend (dorsiflex) and invert foot

Tibialis anterior
(extends/inverts foot)

Extensor digitorum longus
(extends lateral 4 toes)

Extensor hallucis longus
(extends great toe)

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16
Q

where do the tendons of the anterior muscles insert

A

Extensor digitorum longus
- Middle + distal phalanges

Tibialis anterior
- Medial cuneiform + 1st metatarsal

Extensor hallucis longus
- Distal phalanx of great toe

17
Q

what are the muscles in the posterior superficial group

A

Superficial group
- Flex (plantar flex) foot and leg

Plantaris
Origin: femur

Soleus
Origin: tibia + fibula

Gastrocnemius
Origin: condyles of femur

aponeurosis -Tendo calcaneus

18
Q

what are the muscles in the Posterior compartment of leg- deep group

A

Deep group
- Flex (plantar flex) and invert foot + flex toes

Flexor digitorum longus
(flexor of lateral 4 toes)

Tibialis posterior
(Inverter of foot)

Flexor hallucis longus
(flexor of great toe)

Origin: tibia + fibula

19
Q

where do the posterior deep muscles insert

A

Flexor digitorum longus
- Distal phalanges

Flexor hallucis longus
- Distal phalanx of great toe

Tibialis posterior
- Medial cuneiform + navicular

20
Q

what are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

Evert foot

Fibularis longus
(everts and plantar flexes foot)

Fibularis brevis

21
Q

where do the muscles of the lateral compartment insert into

A

Fibularis longus
- Medial cuneiform + 1st metatarsal

Fibularis brevis
- 5th metatarsal

22
Q

what keeps the anterior compartment tendons stable

A

Extensor retinaculum

23
Q

what keeps the posterior compartment tendons stable

A

Flexor retinaculum

24
Q

what keeps the posterior compartment

A

Fibular retinaculum

25
Q

what are the long tendons of the foot

A

Extensor digitorum longus

Extensor hallucis longus

Tibialis anterior

posterior:

Tibialis posterior

Flexor hallucis longus

Flexor digitorum longus

26
Q

what are the intrinsic muscles of the foot

A

Many layers

  • Dorsal extensors – 1 layer
  • Plantar flexors/abductors/adductors
    – 4 layers
27
Q

what are the dorsal intrinsic muscles

A

Extensor digitorum brevis

Extensor hallucis brevis

28
Q

what are the plantar intrinsic muscles

A

layer 1 : Abductor digiti minimi

Flexor digitorum brevis

Abductor hallucis

Layer 2:
Quadratus plantae

Lumbricals

layer 3:
Adductor hallucis

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Flexor hallucis brevis

layer 4:
Plantar interossei
- Adduct (PAD)

Dorsal interossei
- Abduct (DAB)

29
Q

what is the blood supply of the posterior compartment

A
  • Popliteal artery
  • Anterior tibial artery
  • Posterior tibial artery
  • Fibular artery
30
Q

what are the contents of the tarsal tunnel

A
  • Tibialis posterior
  • Flexor digitorum longus

post tibial artery/vein:

Tibial nerve
Flexor hallucis longus

clinical -pulse

31
Q

what are the medial/ lateral plantar arteries made up of

A

Posterior tibial artery
divided into 2:
1-Lateral plantar artery

2-Medial plantar artery

and forms :deep plantar arch

32
Q

what do the Dorsalis pedis artery supply

A

Anterior tibial artery: forms the…

Dorsalis pedis

Anastomosis with deep plantar arch

33
Q

what is the nerve supply to the leg

A

Tibial - Posterior compartment

Deep fibular - Anterior compartment

Superficial fibular - Lateral compartment

34
Q

what does the tibial nerve supply

A

Motor: posterior compartment of leg
+ plantar Intrinsic muscles

Clinical – Tarsal tunnel syndrome

35
Q

what does the common fibular nerve supply

A

Motor:
Deep – anterior compartment of leg
+ dorsal intrinsic muscles

Superficial – lateral compartment of leg

Clinical – Trauma to common fibular nerve (foot drop)

36
Q

what are the cutaneous nerves

A

Common fibular nerve

Superficial fibular nerve

Deep fibular nerve

Sural nerve
(tibial nerve)

Saphenous nerve
(femoral nerve)

Medial/Lateral plantar nerves (tibial) supply sole of foot

204-theme 2 -anatomy (15 decks)

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