Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > L19-Abdominal Contents > Flashcards

L19-Abdominal Contents Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mesentery?

A

A double layer of peritoneum that forms from the invagination of the peritoneum by an organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of the mesentery?

A

Suspends the organs and provides pathways for the neurovasculature communication between the viscera and body wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where do the mesenteries originate from?

A

The visceral layer of the lateral plate mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The dorsal mesentery does what in the embryo?

A

Suspends the primitive gut tube from the posterior abdominal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The ventral mesentery develops where in the embryo?

A

In the foregut only: -lesser omentum -falciform ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where can you find the parietal peritoneum?-

A

covers internal walls of the abdominopelvic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the innervation of the parietal peritoneum?

A

Somatic from the lower thoracic and lumbar anterior rami -refer pain, temperature and touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where can you find the visceral peritoneum?

A

It invests GI organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the innervation of the visceral peritoneum?

A

The same innervation as the organ it is covering -autonomic (pain poorly localized)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where can you find the retroperitoneal space? What does it contain?

A

posterior to the peritoneal cavity -contains fat, vessels, and few organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Identify

a:

b:

c:

A

Peritoneal Folds: Peritoneum that is reflected away from the abdominal wall by functional or obliterated fetal vessels

a: Lateral umbilical fold
b: Medial Umbilical fold: obliterated umbilical aa.
c: Median umbilical fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the borders of the foregut? What can you find in this location?

A

From the oropharyngeal membrane to the proximal duodenum -esophagus, stomach, proximal duodenum, liver, gallbladder and pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A what level does the abdominal esophagus pass through the esophageal hiatus?

A

At T10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What sphincter is between the stomach and esophagus?

A

Cardiac sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two types of hiatal hernias? Where can you find them?

A

Find them between the stomach and the esophagus

  • sliding hiatal hernia: abdominal esophagus, cardia of stomach slides through the esophageal hiatus
  • paraesophageal: herniation of fundus of stomach, cardiac orifice stays in normal position
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the regions of the stomach

A
  • Black: Cardia
  • Red: Fundus
  • Green: Body
  • Yellow: Pyloric antrum
  • Blue: Pyloric canal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What can you find between the stomach and the duodenum?

A

The pyloric sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How does the stomach develop in utero that gives it its shape?

A

Through both rotation and differential growth -rotates 90 degrees clockwise

  • anterior side grows more slowly: lesser curvature
  • posterior side grows more rapidly: greater curvature
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What nerve rotates with the stomach?

A

Vagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the mesenteries associated with the stomach called? Where can you find them?

A
  • Lesser omentum: between stomach/proximal duodenum
  • Greater omentum: hangs inferiorly from stomach from greater curvature to transverse colon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the greater omentum of the stomach prevent?

A

Adhesion of viscera anterior abdominal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the two components of the lesser omentum?

A
  • Hepatogastric ligament: stomach to liver
  • Hepatoduodenal ligament: duodenum to liver; portal and biliary systems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What can you find posterior to the right edge of the hepatoduodenal ligament?

A

the omental foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is acid reflux?

A

regurgitation of gastric acids into lower esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are gastric ulcers?

A

open lesions of the mucosa of the stomach (leaves stomach susceptible to H. pylori)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Where can you find the pyloric stenosis? What is it/what is a consequence?

A
  • At the narrowing of the pyloric canal
  • it’s the thickening of the smooth muscle of the pyloric sphincter
  • resists gastric emptying
27
Q

What are the functions of the spleen?

A

filters blood, removes redundant RBCs, largest lymphoid organ

28
Q

Where can you find the spleen?

A

Deep to left ribs 9-11

29
Q

What runs through the hilum of the spleen?

A

splenic artery and splenic vein

30
Q

What is splenomegaly? What can cause it?

A

an enlargement of the spleen due to increased workload

  • portal hypertension
  • leukemia, lymphoma
  • blood diseases
  • chronic infections
31
Q

What are the functions of the liver?

A

Roles in

  • metabolism
  • filtering blood
  • bile production
  • hormones
  • glycogen storage
32
Q

How many lobes does the liver have? Name them

A

4:

  • right lobe
  • left lobe
  • caudate lobe
  • quadrate lobe
33
Q

Where can you find the porta hepatis? What runs through it?

A
  1. Between the caudate and quadrate lobes of the liver
  2. Running through it:
  • The proper hepatic artery
  • portal vein
  • hepatic ducts
34
Q

Name the two peritoneal ligaments of the liver. What do they connect to?

A
  • Falciform ligament: liver to anterior abdominal wall
  • Round ligament: obliterated umbilical vein
35
Q

When bile backs up in the common bile duct, where does it drain?

A

Into the cystic pancreas via the cystic duct

36
Q

What makes up the triangle of calot?

A
  • the cystic duct
  • common hepatic duct
  • cystic artery
37
Q

What are a concretion of cholesterol crystals in the gallbladder called?

A

Gallstones

38
Q

What develops as an outgrowth of hepatic diverticulum of the distal foregut?

A

The liver (gallbladder develops as a secondary growth to the liver)

39
Q

What causes the liver to deviate to the right side?

A

It grows quickly and superiorly to contact the septum transversum (septum transversum turns into the developing diaphragm and ventral mesentery)

40
Q

What causes the bare area of the liver?

A

In development, the visceral peritoneum obliterates in area of contact. No mesentary present

41
Q

What is the duct of the pancreas called?

A

pancreatic duct (accessory duct comes off of it)

42
Q

Where can you find the major duodenal papilla?

A

Common opening into the duodenum

43
Q

What are the two pancreatic buds in development called?

A
  • dorsal pancreatic bud (larger/appears first)
  • ventral pancreatic bud (near entry of bile duct)
44
Q

What causes the two buds of the pancreas to come together during development?

A

Rotation, ventral bud twists dorsally to join the dorsal bud

45
Q

At what level does the abdominal aorta transverse the diaphragm?

A

At T12

46
Q

At what level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate? What arteries does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into?

A
  • at L4
  • Bifurcates into right and left common iliac aa.
47
Q

What three branches come off of the celiac trunk?

A
  • Left gastric a
  • splenic a
  • common hepatic a

* celiac trunk: blood supply to foregut

48
Q

The right hepatic artery is found where?

A

right side of the liver

49
Q

The cystic artery runs to what?

A

gallbladder

50
Q

The left hepatic artery can be found where?

A

Left side of liver

51
Q

The right gastric artery runs where?

A

lesser curvature of the stomach

52
Q

Name the four arteries that supply the stomach

A
  • Left gastric A
  • Right gastric A
  • Left gastro-omental A
  • Right gastro-omental A
53
Q

Name the four arteries that supply the pancreas?

A
  • Gastroduodenal
  • direct branches from splenic artery
  • superior pancreaticoduodenal aa
  • inferior prancreaticoduodenal aa
54
Q

Blood from the digestive system must run through what to return to the systemic circulation?

A

The portal system (liver) via the hepatic portal vein

55
Q

What makes up the portal triad?

A
  • The proper hepatic artery
  • bile duct
  • hepatic portal vein
56
Q

Hepatic veins drain into what?

A

The IVC after it has been filtered

57
Q

Common Hepatic Artery divides into what two arteries?

A
  • Proper hepatic artery
  • Gastroduodenal artery
58
Q

The paraumbilical veins usually drain into what system?

A

portal system

59
Q

If the portain vein is obstructed, where will the the blood from the paraumbilical veins drain? What is the result of this?

A

Blood will back up into the superficial epigastric veins that eventually lead to the IVC.

60
Q

Esophageal veins superior to the diaphragm drain into what system?

A

Into the azygos system and ultimately to the SVC

61
Q

Esophageal branches (veins) inferior to the diapragm drain into what system?

A

Into the portal system via the left gastric vein

62
Q

If there is backup of blood in the portal system, where will the blood from the left gastric ultimately drain? Why is this dangerous?

A

Will back up and travel up to the azygos/caval system via the superior esophageal veins. The esophageal veins are relatively weak and can rupture causing serious problems/potential for bleeding out

63
Q

The foregut lymph drains into what lymph nodes?

A

Celiac lymph nodes ->chyle cistern -> thoracic duct

Anatomy (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions