L15-Lungs and Pleura

Question 1

The thoracic cavity is divided up into what divisions?

Answer 1

-Right and Left Pulmonary Cavities -Mediastinum

Question 2

In embryonic development, what three fluid filled sacs form?

Answer 2

2 pleural and 1 pericardial

Question 3

As embryonic lungs grow, do they break into the sac?

Answer 3

No, the push against the pleural sac which causes it to surround them. The lungs are NOT inside the sac

Question 4

What is the function of the serous fluid?

Answer 4

To prevent the lungs from rubbing against the thoracic wall when lungs expand.

Question 5

The parietal pleurae is broken up into what divisions?

Answer 5

Cervical, costal, diaphragmatic, mediastinal

Question 6

Define pleuritis

Answer 6

an inflammation of the pleura (infection, adhesion). Pain with activity, audible friction of lungs rubbing

Question 7

The lungs are under what kind of pressure?

Answer 7

Negative pressure. Inflate during inspiration

Question 8

When does the pleural cavity become a real space?

Answer 8

If the pleural sac is breached, the lung collapses and can’t re-inflate

Question 9

What is the “potential” space of the pleural cavity filled with?

Answer 9

Serous pleural fluid

Question 10

What is a pneumothorax?

Answer 10

air in the pleural cavity

Question 11

What is a hydrothorax/pleural effusion?

Answer 11

-fluid in the pleural cavity (chylothorax: lymph in pleural cavity) (hemothorax: blood in pleural cavity)

Question 12

what is the costodiaphragmatic recess?

Answer 12

the periphery of the diaphragm/costal margin

Question 13

What are the pleural recesses?

Answer 13

places where the lungs do not entirely fill up their share of the thoracic cavity

Question 14

What is a thoracentesis?

Answer 14

Drainage of fluid that accumulates in the costodiaphragmatic recess between ribs 9 and 10

Question 15

What are the superior portion of the lungs called?

Answer 15

Apex: extends to base of neck

Question 16

What is the most inferior portion of the lungs called?

Answer 16

Base: over abdominal diaphragm

Question 17

Name the lobes of the left lung

Answer 17

Superior and inferior lobes

Question 18

Name the lobes of the right lung

Answer 18

superior, middle and inferior lobes

Question 19

What fissure separates the superior and inferior lobes of the lungs?

Answer 19

oblique fissure

Question 20

What fissure separates the middle lobe from the superior lobe? What lung is this found in?

Answer 20

horizontal fissure; right lung only

Question 21

Where do you find the cardiac notch?

Answer 21

In the inferior, medial portion of the left lung

Question 22

Where do you find the lingula?

Answer 22

Near the cardiac notch in the left lung

Question 23

Name the surfaces of the lungs

Answer 23

• a: Costal surface
• b: Diaphragmatic surface
• c: Mediastinal surface

Question 24

Name the impressions of the right lung

Answer 24

• a: SVC impression
• b: Cardiac Impression
• c: Arch of azygos impression
• d: Esophasgus impression

Question 25

Name the impressions of the left lung

Answer 25

* a: Thoracic aorta impression * b: aortic arch impression * c: cardiac impression

Question 26

Define hilum of the lung

Answer 26

The region of lung that the roots sit in

Question 27

What structures make up the root of the lung

Answer 27

pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, main(primary bronchus)

Question 28

Where can you auscultate the superior lobes?

Answer 28

superior to rib 4 posteriorly, rib 4 on right anteriorly, rib 6 on left anteriorly

Question 29

Where can you auscultate the inferior lobes?

Answer 29

at the triangle of auscultation

Question 30

What is the carina?

Answer 30

internal ridge at the point of T4/T5 of the trachea

Question 31

Where does the trachea start?

Answer 31

At the cricoid cartilage, C6

Question 32

Which main bronchus is more likely to receive a foreign object if inhaled

Answer 32

The right because it is wider and more vertical

Question 33

Why are the tertiary bronchi special?

Answer 33

The form segments that call function independently

Question 34

What are the segments of lungs supplied by a tertiary bronchus called?

Answer 34

Bronchopulmonary segments

Question 35

Pulmonary arteries carry what type of blood?

Answer 35

oxygen poor

Question 36

Pulmonary veins carry what type of blood?

Answer 36

oxygen rich

Question 37

What do the bronchial veins drain into?

Answer 37

typically into the azygos system

Question 38

What nerve innervates the lungs and visceral pleura parasympathetic?

Answer 38

Vagus ( CNX)

Question 39

What nerve innervates the lungs and visceral pleura sympathetically?

Answer 39

sympathetic trunks via cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves

Question 40

What innervates the parietal pleura?

Answer 40

somatic innervation, sensory primarily from adjacent intercostal nerves. Mediastinal sensory from phrenic nerves