L15-Lungs and Pleura Flashcards
The thoracic cavity is divided up into what divisions?
-Right and Left Pulmonary Cavities -Mediastinum
In embryonic development, what three fluid filled sacs form?
2 pleural and 1 pericardial
As embryonic lungs grow, do they break into the sac?
No, the push against the pleural sac which causes it to surround them. The lungs are NOT inside the sac
What is the function of the serous fluid?
To prevent the lungs from rubbing against the thoracic wall when lungs expand.
The parietal pleurae is broken up into what divisions?
Cervical, costal, diaphragmatic, mediastinal
Define pleuritis
an inflammation of the pleura (infection, adhesion). Pain with activity, audible friction of lungs rubbing
The lungs are under what kind of pressure?
Negative pressure. Inflate during inspiration
When does the pleural cavity become a real space?
If the pleural sac is breached, the lung collapses and can’t re-inflate
What is the “potential” space of the pleural cavity filled with?
Serous pleural fluid
What is a pneumothorax?
air in the pleural cavity
What is a hydrothorax/pleural effusion?
-fluid in the pleural cavity (chylothorax: lymph in pleural cavity) (hemothorax: blood in pleural cavity)
what is the costodiaphragmatic recess?
the periphery of the diaphragm/costal margin
What are the pleural recesses?
places where the lungs do not entirely fill up their share of the thoracic cavity
What is a thoracentesis?
Drainage of fluid that accumulates in the costodiaphragmatic recess between ribs 9 and 10
What are the superior portion of the lungs called?
Apex: extends to base of neck
What is the most inferior portion of the lungs called?
Base: over abdominal diaphragm
Name the lobes of the left lung
Superior and inferior lobes
Name the lobes of the right lung
superior, middle and inferior lobes
What fissure separates the superior and inferior lobes of the lungs?
oblique fissure
What fissure separates the middle lobe from the superior lobe? What lung is this found in?
horizontal fissure; right lung only
Where do you find the cardiac notch?
In the inferior, medial portion of the left lung
Where do you find the lingula?
Near the cardiac notch in the left lung
Name the surfaces of the lungs
- a: Costal surface
- b: Diaphragmatic surface
- c: Mediastinal surface
Name the impressions of the right lung
- a: SVC impression
- b: Cardiac Impression
- c: Arch of azygos impression
- d: Esophasgus impression
Name the impressions of the left lung
- a: Thoracic aorta impression
- b: aortic arch impression
- c: cardiac impression
Define hilum of the lung
The region of lung that the roots sit in
What structures make up the root of the lung
pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, main(primary bronchus)
Where can you auscultate the superior lobes?
superior to rib 4 posteriorly, rib 4 on right anteriorly, rib 6 on left anteriorly
Where can you auscultate the inferior lobes?
at the triangle of auscultation
What is the carina?
internal ridge at the point of T4/T5 of the trachea
Where does the trachea start?
At the cricoid cartilage, C6
Which main bronchus is more likely to receive a foreign object if inhaled
The right because it is wider and more vertical
Why are the tertiary bronchi special?
The form segments that call function independently
What are the segments of lungs supplied by a tertiary bronchus called?
Bronchopulmonary segments
Pulmonary arteries carry what type of blood?
oxygen poor
Pulmonary veins carry what type of blood?
oxygen rich
What do the bronchial veins drain into?
typically into the azygos system
What nerve innervates the lungs and visceral pleura parasympathetic?
Vagus ( CNX)
What nerve innervates the lungs and visceral pleura sympathetically?
sympathetic trunks via cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves
What innervates the parietal pleura?
somatic innervation, sensory primarily from adjacent intercostal nerves. Mediastinal sensory from phrenic nerves
