L18 - Menstrual cycle and its disturbances

Question 1

Where does FSH act on?

Answer 1

• granulosa cells
• oestrogen and inhibin produced
• leads to production of oestrogen

Question 2

Role of LH

Answer 2

leads to progesterone production

Question 3

what is oestrogen required to maintain?

Answer 3

• muscus membrane

- thus less oestrogen would lead to atrophy of urethral and bladder mucosa

Question 4

proliferative phase of menstrual cycle

Answer 4

• stromal cells and epithelial cells proliferate
• endometrium thickness increases
• growth of endometrial gland and blood vessels

Question 5

what occurs during the secretory phase?

Answer 5

• more endometrial cell proliferation and secretory development

Question 6

craniopharyngioma

Answer 6

• benign cystic tumour
• common under 16
• if patient in young female and not gone through puberty might need to MRI of brain to look at hypothalamus

Question 7

turners syndrome

Answer 7

• 45 XO
• short stature
• bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of aorta
• ovarian dysegenesis (amenorrhea, infertility)

Question 8

where does LH act on?

Answer 8

• leydig cells
• leydig cells then release testosterone
• negative feedback at level of pituitary

Question 9

testosterone is bound in circulation

Answer 9

• 33% bound to albumin
• 65% bound to SHBG
• 2% biologically available to target tissues

Question 10

mechanism of action of testosterone

Answer 10

• testosterone enters via passive diffusion
• converted in presence of aromatase to oestradiol
• binds to oestrogen receptor alpha and beta

Question 11

How is testosterone converted to DHT?

Answer 11

• testosterone converted to DHT
• in the presence of 5a-reductase
• DHT and androgen receptor translocate into cell