.L18 - gland development

Question 1

what is a gland

Answer 1

organ that synth and rel a substance

Question 2

what is an exocrine gland

Answer 2

rel inside body or outer surface

Question 3

what is an endocrine gland

Answer 3

rel into bloodstream

Question 4

what are they types of exocrine gland

Answer 4

holocrine
merocrine
apocrine
are diff in how they release/secrete the substance

Question 5

what type of gland is pancreas

Answer 5

composed of both endo (blood sugar) and exo (digeation)cells

Question 6

what is the islets of langerhans

Answer 6

cluster of endocrine cells
involved in blood sugar
inc b cell role in insulin

Question 7

what is the orgin of cells of the pancreas

Answer 7

foregut endoderm

Question 8

what tf define pancreas cells of the foregut endoderm

Answer 8

pdx-1

Question 9

what occurs to the pancreas buds

Answer 9

twist and fuse to make pancreas

both buds contain both cell types

Question 10

what is required in teh gut endoder to allow pancrease bud dev

Answer 10

shh down reg
allows pdx1 expr
norm shh all across the gut endoderm

Question 11

what signals inh shh in the gut endoderm

Answer 11

fgf2 and activin

Question 12

what is the role of pdx1

Answer 12

mark where pancreatic bud will be

not sufficient

Question 13

what tf give cell fate and are sufficient for pancreatic bud to form

Answer 13

pdx1 and ptf1

Question 14

what the role of fgf10 in pancreatic bud outgrowth

Answer 14

rel from M

promotes prolif as epi attracted to it

Question 15

what the roel of blood vessels in pancreatic bud dev

Answer 15

induce ptf1 expression

if ko no bud

Question 16

what do endocrine precursor cells expr

Answer 16

neurogenin 3

Question 17

how is the spatial patterning of endocrine precursor cell controlled

Answer 17

endocrine cells repress neighbours from expressing ngn3 via Delta-Notch-mediated lateral-inhibition

Question 18

what cell fate at the istal tip of branching epi of pancreatic bud

Answer 18

secretory exocrine units

Question 19

how are islet of langehans formed

Answer 19

ngn3 cell delaminate and form endocrine cluster

Question 20

how is cell type of the pancreas specificed

Answer 20

tf cascade

Question 21

in pancreatic dev what cell fate by pdx1 and ptf1

Answer 21

pancreatic bud

Question 22

in pancreatic dev what cell fate by ptf1

Answer 22

exocrine

Question 23

in pancreatic dev what cell fate by pax6

Answer 23

alpha cell

Question 24

in pancreatic dev what cell fate by pax4

Answer 24

gamma

Question 25

in pancreatic dev what cell fate by pax4/nkx2.2/nkx6.1

Answer 25

beta cell

Question 26

what shows there is a limited nukber of precursors for endocrine cell of pancreas

Answer 26

if deleter tf pax4 there is no gamma cell but is an increase in alpha cells

Question 27

pot ways to regen beta cells

Answer 27

directed diff of esc | reprogramme another pancreatic cell type

Question 28

what special about mammary gland

Answer 28

only organ primarily dev after birth

Question 29

what type of organ is mammary gland

Answer 29

ectodermal organ | placode and bud dev

Question 30

where do placodes for mmamary gland develop

Answer 30

along milk line

Question 31

what the process of embryonic mammary development

Answer 31

placode on milk line bud (placode incr in size) bud pushes through epidermis and reah fat pad reach fat pad biducation - mammary tree

Question 32

what does each placode develop into in mammary gland dev

Answer 32

an aductal tree embedded in fat pad eith an external nipple

Question 33

what the role of wnt10b in mammary gland development

Answer 33

expr in milk line at place placode will develop induce expr tbx3 lef1 mediates wnt role

Question 34

what the role of fgf10b in mammary gland development

Answer 34

rel by somite | induce wnt10b expr

Question 35

what the phentoype shown when incr wnt

Answer 35

incr speed of formation anf size of placodes

Question 36

what is the role of nrg3 n mammary gland development

Answer 36

expr at placode | restrict pattern?

Question 37

roel of bmp4 in n mammary gland development

Answer 37

expr by both epi and m inhibits msx2 expression to allow mammary develop (PThrP signal through bmpr )

Question 38

role of prgensterone in mammary developmentq

Answer 38

promotes maturation in pregnancy

Question 39

where do salivary glands derive

Answer 39

oral epithelia sublingual and submandibular from endoderm paortid from ecotderm

Question 40

role of fgf10 in salivary gland dev

Answer 40

critical reg of branching

Question 41

what rec does fgf10 signal through

Answer 41

fgfr2

Question 42

what other singla also important in salivary gland deve

Answer 42

edar