.L18 - gland development Flashcards
what is a gland
organ that synth and rel a substance
what is an exocrine gland
rel inside body or outer surface
what is an endocrine gland
rel into bloodstream
what are they types of exocrine gland
holocrine
merocrine
apocrine
are diff in how they release/secrete the substance
what type of gland is pancreas
composed of both endo (blood sugar) and exo (digeation)cells
what is the islets of langerhans
cluster of endocrine cells
involved in blood sugar
inc b cell role in insulin
what is the orgin of cells of the pancreas
foregut endoderm
what tf define pancreas cells of the foregut endoderm
pdx-1
what occurs to the pancreas buds
twist and fuse to make pancreas
both buds contain both cell types
what is required in teh gut endoder to allow pancrease bud dev
shh down reg
allows pdx1 expr
norm shh all across the gut endoderm
what signals inh shh in the gut endoderm
fgf2 and activin
what is the role of pdx1
mark where pancreatic bud will be
not sufficient
what tf give cell fate and are sufficient for pancreatic bud to form
pdx1 and ptf1
what the role of fgf10 in pancreatic bud outgrowth
rel from M
promotes prolif as epi attracted to it
what the roel of blood vessels in pancreatic bud dev
induce ptf1 expression
if ko no bud
what do endocrine precursor cells expr
neurogenin 3
how is the spatial patterning of endocrine precursor cell controlled
endocrine cells repress neighbours from expressing ngn3 via Delta-Notch-mediated lateral-inhibition
what cell fate at the istal tip of branching epi of pancreatic bud
secretory exocrine units
how are islet of langehans formed
ngn3 cell delaminate and form endocrine cluster
how is cell type of the pancreas specificed
tf cascade
in pancreatic dev what cell fate by pdx1 and ptf1
pancreatic bud
in pancreatic dev what cell fate by ptf1
exocrine
in pancreatic dev what cell fate by pax6
alpha cell
in pancreatic dev what cell fate by pax4
gamma
in pancreatic dev what cell fate by pax4/nkx2.2/nkx6.1
beta cell
what shows there is a limited nukber of precursors for endocrine cell of pancreas
if deleter tf pax4 there is no gamma cell but is an increase in alpha cells
pot ways to regen beta cells
directed diff of esc
reprogramme another pancreatic cell type
what special about mammary gland
only organ primarily dev after birth
what type of organ is mammary gland
ectodermal organ
placode and bud dev
where do placodes for mmamary gland develop
along milk line
what the process of embryonic mammary development
placode on milk line
bud (placode incr in size)
bud pushes through epidermis and reah fat pad
reach fat pad biducation - mammary tree
what does each placode develop into in mammary gland dev
an aductal tree embedded in fat pad eith an external nipple
what the role of wnt10b in mammary gland development
expr in milk line at place placode will develop
induce expr tbx3
lef1 mediates wnt role
what the role of fgf10b in mammary gland development
rel by somite
induce wnt10b expr
what the phentoype shown when incr wnt
incr speed of formation anf size of placodes
what is the role of nrg3 n mammary gland development
expr at placode
restrict pattern?
roel of bmp4 in n mammary gland development
expr by both epi and m
inhibits msx2 expression to allow mammary develop
(PThrP signal through bmpr )
role of prgensterone in mammary developmentq
promotes maturation in pregnancy
where do salivary glands derive
oral epithelia
sublingual and submandibular from endoderm
paortid from ecotderm
role of fgf10 in salivary gland dev
critical reg of branching
what rec does fgf10 signal through
fgfr2
what other singla also important in salivary gland deve
edar
