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Advanced developmental biology > .L18 - gland development > Flashcards

.L18 - gland development Flashcards

1
Q

what is a gland

A

organ that synth and rel a substance

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2
Q

what is an exocrine gland

A

rel inside body or outer surface

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3
Q

what is an endocrine gland

A

rel into bloodstream

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4
Q

what are they types of exocrine gland

A

holocrine
merocrine
apocrine
are diff in how they release/secrete the substance

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5
Q

what type of gland is pancreas

A

composed of both endo (blood sugar) and exo (digeation)cells

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6
Q

what is the islets of langerhans

A

cluster of endocrine cells
involved in blood sugar
inc b cell role in insulin

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7
Q

what is the orgin of cells of the pancreas

A

foregut endoderm

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8
Q

what tf define pancreas cells of the foregut endoderm

A

pdx-1

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9
Q

what occurs to the pancreas buds

A

twist and fuse to make pancreas

both buds contain both cell types

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10
Q

what is required in teh gut endoder to allow pancrease bud dev

A

shh down reg
allows pdx1 expr
norm shh all across the gut endoderm

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11
Q

what signals inh shh in the gut endoderm

A

fgf2 and activin

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12
Q

what is the role of pdx1

A

mark where pancreatic bud will be

not sufficient

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13
Q

what tf give cell fate and are sufficient for pancreatic bud to form

A

pdx1 and ptf1

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14
Q

what the role of fgf10 in pancreatic bud outgrowth

A

rel from M

promotes prolif as epi attracted to it

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15
Q

what the roel of blood vessels in pancreatic bud dev

A

induce ptf1 expression

if ko no bud

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16
Q

what do endocrine precursor cells expr

A

neurogenin 3

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17
Q

how is the spatial patterning of endocrine precursor cell controlled

A

endocrine cells repress neighbours from expressing ngn3 via Delta-Notch-mediated lateral-inhibition

18
Q

what cell fate at the istal tip of branching epi of pancreatic bud

A

secretory exocrine units

19
Q

how are islet of langehans formed

A

ngn3 cell delaminate and form endocrine cluster

20
Q

how is cell type of the pancreas specificed

A

tf cascade

21
Q

in pancreatic dev what cell fate by pdx1 and ptf1

A

pancreatic bud

22
Q

in pancreatic dev what cell fate by ptf1

A

exocrine

23
Q

in pancreatic dev what cell fate by pax6

A

alpha cell

24
Q

in pancreatic dev what cell fate by pax4

A

gamma

25
Q

in pancreatic dev what cell fate by pax4/nkx2.2/nkx6.1

A

beta cell

26
Q

what shows there is a limited nukber of precursors for endocrine cell of pancreas

A

if deleter tf pax4 there is no gamma cell but is an increase in alpha cells

27
Q

pot ways to regen beta cells

A

directed diff of esc

reprogramme another pancreatic cell type

28
Q

what special about mammary gland

A

only organ primarily dev after birth

29
Q

what type of organ is mammary gland

A

ectodermal organ

placode and bud dev

30
Q

where do placodes for mmamary gland develop

A

along milk line

31
Q

what the process of embryonic mammary development

A

placode on milk line
bud (placode incr in size)
bud pushes through epidermis and reah fat pad
reach fat pad biducation - mammary tree

32
Q

what does each placode develop into in mammary gland dev

A

an aductal tree embedded in fat pad eith an external nipple

33
Q

what the role of wnt10b in mammary gland development

A

expr in milk line at place placode will develop
induce expr tbx3
lef1 mediates wnt role

34
Q

what the role of fgf10b in mammary gland development

A

rel by somite

induce wnt10b expr

35
Q

what the phentoype shown when incr wnt

A

incr speed of formation anf size of placodes

36
Q

what is the role of nrg3 n mammary gland development

A

expr at placode

restrict pattern?

37
Q

roel of bmp4 in n mammary gland development

A

expr by both epi and m
inhibits msx2 expression to allow mammary develop
(PThrP signal through bmpr )

38
Q

role of prgensterone in mammary developmentq

A

promotes maturation in pregnancy

39
Q

where do salivary glands derive

A

oral epithelia
sublingual and submandibular from endoderm
paortid from ecotderm

40
Q

role of fgf10 in salivary gland dev

A

critical reg of branching

41
Q

what rec does fgf10 signal through

A

fgfr2

42
Q

what other singla also important in salivary gland deve

A

edar

Advanced developmental biology (18 decks)

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