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Advanced developmental biology > L17- organ develoment > Flashcards

L17- organ develoment Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

describe a lung

A

highly branched epithelial strucuture

airways and vasculature need to devlop on a cpprdiated manner

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2
Q

where is the origin of cells that develop into lung

A

foregut endoderm

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3
Q

what tf code dictates lung cell fate in the foregut endoderm

A

Nkx2.2 in the ventral foregut

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4
Q

what other tf codes dictate organ cell fate of the cells of the foregut endoderm

A

hex/apx8/nkx2.1 = thyroid
hex/albumin - liver
pdx-1 = pancreas

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5
Q

where does the lung cells bud towards in the foregut endoderm

A

to the cardiac region

as releasing gf

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6
Q

when does the lung branch left and right

A

E9.5

right bigger

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7
Q

what occurs at the same time as the lung bud branches

A

the single foregut starts to branch into 2

forms the dorsal oesophagus and ventral trachea

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8
Q

what signals and tf are involved in the single foregut branching

A

Sox2 defines the dorsal oesoph
Nkx2.2 defines the ventral trachea
these are set up by wnt , ko wnt = no seperation of the foregut

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9
Q

how are all the strucutres of the lung made

A

through reiterative branchign

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10
Q

what are the phases of lung development and when do they occur

A

embryonic - 3-8 weeks (bronchi and bronchioles)
pseudoglandular - 5-17 weeks (+terminal bronchioles)
canalicular - 16-20 weeks (dev of respiratory
bronchioles/ b.vessel invasion starts)
saccular - 19-38 weeks , (alveolar ducts )
alveolar 23 weeks + (alveoli sacs)

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11
Q

What are the three models of branching

A

domain branching
planar bifurcation
ortholongal bifurcation

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12
Q

descirbe domain braching

A

orderly sprout of new buds at specific distance form the tip of the stalk and at position around the circumference

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13
Q

describe planar bifurcation

A

expand then bifurcate

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14
Q

describe ortholongal bifurcation

A

first bifurcate planr then twist 90 and bifurctate- rosette

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15
Q

in planar branching what signals control outgrowth

A

fgf10 in M singals through fgfr2 in epi

fgf10 also induce bmp4 which enh outgrowth

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16
Q

what the role of shh in outgrowth of lung branching bud

A

induced bby bmp4
inhibits fgf10 and bud induction
- stop excessive branch sideways

17
Q

in planar branching what signals control bud arrest

A

fgf10 induce shh and spry2 in tip of cell
shh inh fgf10
spry2 inh fgfr in tip cell

18
Q

in planar branching what signals control bud branching

A

bmp4 is upreg by fgf10
bmp4 inh tip cell prolif
more lateral cells bulge out and grow to new source of fgf10

19
Q

describe the structure of a kidney

A

two main parts collecting system and nephron

20
Q

what is the origin of the cells of the kidney

A

paraxial mesoderm induce kindey formation in intermediate mesoderm
- reciprocal signals

21
Q

what does the intermediate mesoderm split into

A

nephrongenic cord

nephric duct

22
Q

what happens to the nephric uct at E10.5

A

lumen all the way through

23
Q

what happens to the nephrongenic cordat E10.5

A

part develops into mesanephric mesenchyme

24
Q

what do the sigals released from the mesaphrenic mesenchyme induce

A

formation of the urethric bud

through MET the UB then develop into nephron epi

25
Q

descirbe the reciprocal nature if renal tubule development

A

ub induce by mm
bud induce survival and aggregation of M
branching then regulated by factors from the mesenchyme

26
Q

what signalling induces the bud

A

GDNF-ret

GDNF prod by m

27
Q

how many generation of repeated branching do Uretric bud undergo to form the collecting ducts

A

10

28
Q

What the role of fgf in UB branch

A

promote the GDNF -ret loop

29
Q

what the role of wnt in UB branch

A

promotes GDNF production by mesenchyme of UB

30
Q

what the role of BMP$ in regualting UB outgrowth

A

negative reg

31
Q

where is GREM1 present in ub branching an the effect

A

at the tip cell
inh bmp4
therfore no neg reg on outgrowth

32
Q

what the role of SLIT1 and ROBO2 on UB branching

A

inh the epi bud

33
Q

what is the rike of wnt in ub branching

A

promotes elongation over expansion

34
Q

what are teh similarities in lung and kidney branching

A

signal factors and mechanisms (tips and stalks)
reciprocal interactions between different tissues
regional activation / repression of signalling pathways

35
Q

what are the differences in lung and kidney branching

A

Some of thefactors involved are different

Tissues give rise to the final organ by very different mechanisms

Advanced developmental biology (18 decks)

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