L17_The Anterior & Medial Thigh Flashcards
Tell me the names of the structures indicated by the numbers
- head of the femur
- Neck of the femur
- lesser trochanter
- greater trochanter
- Linea aspera
- Shaft
- Supracondylar Ridge
- Lateral epicondyle
- Medial epicondyle
- Lateral condyle
- Medial condyle
- Patellar surface
Identify the structures indicated by the numbers
- Medial tibial condyle
- Lateral tibial condyle
- Tibial tuberosity
- Tibia
- Fibula
- Neck of the fibula
- Head of the fibula
- Intercondylar eminence
Identify the structure indicated by the number
- Tibial plateaus (lateral and medial)
Identify the structures indicated by the numbers
- Soleal line
- Tibia
- Fibula
- Medial malleolus
- Lateral malleolus
The knee joint (classification, movements)
Classification: modified synovial hinge joint (modified because slightly more movement than just the typical flexion/extension)
Movements: Flexion/extension, slight medial and lateral rotation
Anterior compartment of the thigh
Describe Iliopsoas muscle (origin, insertion, function, innervation)
Origin:
Iliacus-> iliac fossa
Psoas Major-> T12-L5 vertebrae
Insertion: Lesser trochanter of the femur
Function: Hip flexion and lateral rotation
Innervation: Branches from L2-L4
Iliacus and psoas major join together to insert onto lesser trochanter
Anterior compartment of the thigh
Describe Sartorius muscle (origin, insertion, function, innervation)
Origin: ASIS
Insertion: Proximal anteromedial tibia via pes anserinus
Function: Hip flexion, abduction and lateral rotation Knee flexion
Innervation: Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)
One of the longest muscles of the body, because it travels obliquely all the way across the thigh from lateral to medial
Anterior compartment of the thigh
Describe Quadriceps Femoris (RECTUS FEMORIS) muscle (origin, insertion, function, innervation)
Origin: AIIS
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament
Function: Hip flexion, Knee extension
Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Anterior compartment of the thigh
Describe Quadriceps Femoris (VASTUS LATERALIS) muscle (origin, insertion, function, innervation)
Origin: Greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, lateral linea aspera
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament
Function: Knee extension
Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Anterior compartment of the thigh
Describe Quadriceps Femoris (VASTUS MEDIALIS) muscle (origin, insertion, function, innervation)
Origin: Intertrochanteric line and medial linea aspera
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament
Function: Knee extension
Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Anterior compartment of the thigh
Describe Quadriceps Femoris (VASTUS INTERMEDIUS) muscle (origin, insertion, function, innervation)
Origin: Anterior and lateral shaft of femur
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament
Function: Knee extension
Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Medial compartment of the thigh
Describe Pectineus muscle (origin, insertion, function, innervation)
Origin: Superior ramus of pubis
Insertion: Pectineal line of femur
Function: Hip flexion, adduction of the hip
Innervation: 80% of femoral nerve (L2-L4), 20% of Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
Medial compartment of the thigh
Describe Adductor Longus muscle (origin, insertion, function, innervation)
Origin: Body of the pubis
Insertion: Linea aspera
Function: Hip adduction, flexion and medial rotation
Innervation: Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
Medial compartment of the thigh
Describe Adductor brevis muscle (origin, insertion, function, innervation)
Origin: Body of the pubis and inferior pubic ramus
Insertion: Proximal linea aspera
Function: Hip adduction, flexion and medial rotation
Innervation: Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
Medial compartment of the thigh
Describe Gracilis muscle (origin, insertion, function, innervation)
Origin: Body and inferior pubic ramus
Insertion: Proximal anteromedial tibia via pes anserinus
Function: hip adduction, knee flexion, medial rotation of the leg when sitting
Innervation: Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
Medial compartment of the thigh
Describe Adductor magnus (ADDUCTOR PART) muscle (origin, insertion, function, innervation)
Origin: Inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus
Insertion: Medial lip of linea aspera
Function: Hip adduction, flexion and medial rotation
Innervation: Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
Medial compartment of the thigh
Describe Adductor magnus (HAMSTRING PART) muscle (origin, insertion, function, innervation)
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Adductor tubercle of the femur
Function: Extends the thigh
Innervation: Tibial part of sciatic nerve (L4)
Describe the pes anserinus insertion
Common insertion located on proximal anteromedial tibia
Say: Sartorius
Grace: Gracilis
before
Tea: SemiTendinosus
The obturator nerve (location, motor innervation)
Location: Travels through the false pelvis into the true pelvis and exits through the obturator foramen (Travels through the obturator canal) in the medial compartment of the thigh
L2-L4
Motor innervation to: Obturator externus, Adductor longus + Brevis, Pectineus (20%), Adductor Magnus (adductor part), Gacilis
The Femoral nerve (location, motor innervation, sensory innervation)
Location: Travels through the false pelvis underneath the inguinal ligament in the anterior compartment of the thigh
L2-L4
Motor innervation to: Sartorius, Quadriceps Femoris, Pectineus (80%)
Sensory innervation: Terminal branch of the femoral nerve -> saphenous nerve (Cutaneous innervation to medial leg and foot)
-> anterior femoral cutaneous nerve (cutaneous innervation to the anterior thigh)
The Saphenous nerve (location, sensory innervation)
splits from the femoral nerve and travels down to the medial side of the leg
Sensory innervation: medial leg + medial foot
What are the borders and the contents of the femoral triangle?
Borders:
Lateral - Sartorius (medial border)
Medial - Adductor Longus (lateral border)
Superior - Inguinal Ligament
Floor - Pectineus and Iliopsoas
Contents:
Femoral nerve
Femoral artery and vein
Inguinal lymph
Those structures are in the femoral sheath (funnel-shaped elongation on transversalis fascia from abdomen that’s holding all of the structures together.
The contents are separated in different compartments
- Lateral: femoral artery
- Intermediate: femoral vein
- Medial: inguinal lymph
the femoral nerve is not located in the femoral sheath
N: Femoral nerve
A: Femoral artery
V: Femoral vein
IL: Inguinal Lymph
Explain the femoral hernia (How, Location)
How: when the intestine of a patient can try to work their way outside the abdomen and the false pelvis and end up in the anteromedial thigh.
Location: It passes in the femoral canal in the femoral triangle (femoral sheath)
Describe the course of the femoral artery and vein as it transitions into the popliteal artery and vein
- > External iliac a.v.
- > Femoral a.v. when it passes the inguinal ligament
Passes through the Adductor Canal -> then through the Adductor Hiatus
-> Popliteal a.v. when it travels behind the knee
The saphenous nerve and the femoral a.v. travel together
The saphenous nerve pierces through the adductor canal and then goes to the skin of the medial thigh
