Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HUBS2207 > L17 Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids > Flashcards

L17 Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids Flashcards

1
Q

What is each number/letter representative of in PUFA nomenclature?
22:5n-3

A

22 - number of carbon atoms in the chain
5 - number of double bonds in the carbon chain
n-3 - position of the first double bond from the methyl/omega/terminal end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the essential fatty acids? (2)

A

Omega 3
Omega 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is omega 3 also known as?

A

Alpha-linolenic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is omega 6 also known as?

A

Linoleic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What essential fatty acid has the nomenclature 18:3n-3?

A

Omega 3/Alpha-Linolenic Acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What essential fatty acid has the nomenclature 18:2n-6?

A

Omega 6/Linoleic Acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does ‘essential fat’ mean?

A

Can not be synthesised in the body and is required from the diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two sources of PUFAs?

A

Omega-3 (ALA) and Omega 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the class of monounsaturated fats?
What are some examples? (4)

A

Omega 9 fatty acids
- Olive oil
- Avocado
- Peanuts
- Almonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some examples of Omega-6 FAs? (3)

A
  • Corn oil
  • Safflower oil
  • Sunflower oil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some examples of ALA FAs? (3)

A
  • Eicosapentanoic acid (fish, shellfish)
  • Docosahexanoic acid (fish, shellfish)
  • Alpha linolenic acid (flaxseed, soybean, walnut, rapeseed oils)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What PUFA is consumed more in a Western diet and by how much?

A

Omega-6 is consumed ~20x more than Omega-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the major plant-based oil produced in the world?

A

Palm oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the main type of fat in coconut oil?

A

Saturated fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the main type of fat in olive oil?

A

Monounsaturated fat - Oleic acid (Omega 9)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How are the essential fatty acids stored in the body?

A

Esterified to phospholipids and stored in the lipid bilayer of plasma and nuclear membranes

17
Q

How is diet related to the composition of cellular phospholipids?

A
  • Omega 6 and omega 3 have competitive pathways
  • These essential fatty acids (attained by the diet) are stored in the phospholipid cell membrane therefore what is consumed is what is stored
18
Q

What is EPA?

A

Eicosapentaenoic acid - LC Omega 3 PUFA

19
Q

What is DHA?

A

Docosahexaenoic acid - LC Omega 3 PUFA

20
Q

How do EPA and DHA contribute to cellular membrane function? (4)

A
  • Fluidity
  • Membrane protein function
  • Generation of intracellular signalling molecules
  • Gene expression
21
Q

What are the key cell types in which PUFAs play a role? (3)

A
  • Neural
  • Endothelial
  • Platelets
22
Q

What are eicosanoids? (1) What do they do? (1)

A
  • Biologically active lipids
  • Act as signalling molecules (localised hormones)
23
Q

Do cells store eicosanoids? Why or why not?

A

Cells do not store eicosanoids
They are synthesised when required from fatty acids in cell and nuclear membranes

24
Q

What are some key eicosanoids? (3)

A
  • Prostaglandins (produced by the prostate gland)
  • Leukotrines (produced by leukocytes)
  • Thromboxanes (produced by platelets; thrombocytes)
25
Q

What is arachidonic acid?

A

Omega 6 PUFA

26
Q

What is the recommended Omega 6 to Omega 3 ratio?

A

2:1 (Omega 6 to Omega 3)

27
Q

What are some benefits of omega-3 fatty acids? (5)

A
  • Anti-inflammatory effects
  • Membrane stabilising effects
  • Anti-thrombotic effects
  • Lipid lowering effects
  • Plaque stabilisation effects
28
Q

a) What is PGE2? (1)
b) What effects can it have on the body? (5)

A

a) Prostaglandin E2 is a pro-inflammatory mediator from eicosanoids (arachidonic acid)
b) Effects on the body:
- Induces fever
- Increases vascular permeability
-Increases vasodilation
- Causes pain
- Increases production of other inflammatory mediators

29
Q

a) What is LTB4? (1)
b) What effects can it have on the body? (5)

A

a) Leukotriene B4 is a pro-inflammatory mediator from eicosanoids (arachidonic acid)
b) Effects on the body:
- Increases vascular permeability
- Enhances local blood flow
- Chemotactic for leukocytes
- Increased leukocytes ROS production
- Increases production of other inflammatory mediators

30
Q

What is the role of eicosanoids in platelet aggregation?

A

Thromboxanes are the major eicosanoids produced by platelets
Initiates thrombus formation at sites of vascular injury or atherogenic plaque rupture

31
Q

What are some potential health benefits of ALA? (2)

A
  • Lower risk of CVD (cardioprotective)
  • Lowering risk of cognitive impairment
32
Q

What is the order of priority of fat consumption?

A
  1. Omega-3 PUFA
  2. Omega 6 PUFA
  3. MUFA
  4. Saturated FA
  5. Trans saturated FA

HUBS2207 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions