L16 Nutrients, Metabolism and CVD

Question 1

What are the different types of fats? (4) with examples of each (5)

Answer 1

• Saturated (stearic acid)
• Monounsaturated (Oleic acid)
• Polyunsaturated (Linolenic and Linoleic acid)
• Trans fat (Oleic acid trans)

Question 2

LDL-C is ___ atherogenic
HDL-C is ___ atherogenic

Answer 2

LDL-C is pro-atherogenic
HDL-C is anti-atherogenic

Question 3

Are low fat, high carb diets effective for cholesterol management?

Answer 3

Not really
Lower LDL-C, however also lowered HDL-C and raised TGs

Question 4

Is replacing saturated fats with polyunsaturated fats effective for cholesterol management?

Answer 4

Potentially
Reduced LDL-C and TG with no effect on HDL-C

Question 5

Is replacing saturated fats with monounsaturated fats effective for cholesterol management?

Answer 5

Potentially
Reduced LDL-C, some TG reduction and no effect on HDL-C

Question 6

What kind of fat is predominantly in cheese and meat?

Answer 6

Saturated

Question 7

What kind of fat is predominantly in avocados?

Answer 7

Monounsaturated

Question 8

What kind of fat is predominantly in salmon?

Answer 8

Polyunsaturated

Question 9

What are trans fatty acids (TFA)?

Answer 9

Unsaturated fat that acts like a saturated fat

Question 10

In what foods do TFAs naturally occur? (4)

Answer 10

• Dairy products
• Beef
• Veal
• Lamb

Question 11

What are artificial trans fats?

Answer 11

Hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated vegetable fats

Question 12

What blood pressure is considered hypertensive?

Answer 12

Above or equal to 140/90

Question 13

What is the timeframe of stroke symptom resolution to be considered a TIA?

Answer 13

Within 24 hours

Question 14

What effects can excessive salt have on the body? (5)

Answer 14

• Left ventricular hypertrophy
• Renal dysfunction
• Skin inflammation
• Impaired cerebrovascular regulation
• Reduction in bone mineral density

Question 15

What class of food is the main source of salt?

Answer 15

Processed