L16 Prevention Promotion Protection: Approaches to taking action Flashcards

1
Q

Why is prevention important?

A

There are limitations in curing disease and costs of medical care

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2
Q

What are the 3 population health actions?

A

Health promotion
Disease prevention
Health protection

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3
Q

What are the two types of strategies in applying population health actions?

A

Population based (mass) and high risk (individual) strategies

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4
Q

What is population based (mass) strategy?

A

Focuses on the whole population

Aims to reduce risks and improve outcome of all individuals in the population

Useful for a common disease or widespread cause

THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION CURVE WILL SHIFT

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5
Q

What is high risk (individual) strategy?

A

Focuses on individuals that are of high risk

Intervention is tailored to match the individual and their specific concerns

THE HIGH RISK PORTION OF NORMAL DISTRIBUTION WILL BE REDUCED

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6
Q

What are the advantages of population-based strategy?

A
Large potential benefit for the whole population
Behaviorally appropriate (the health measures become the norm as they are applied to everyone)
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7
Q

What are disadvantages of population-based strategy?

A

Small benefit to individuals - may often be irrelevant

Whole population is exposed to downside of strategy

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8
Q

What are the advantages of high-risk strategy?

A

Appropriate to individuals - more motivating for the individual
Cost effective as resources are only applied to an individual rather than the whole population

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9
Q

What are the disadvantages of high-risk strategy?

A

Cost of screening - need to first identify those who are deemed to be at risk
Temporary effect - does not deal with the root of the problem
Limited potential - weak ability to predict future disease
Behaviorally inappropriate

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10
Q

What is health promotion?

A

Focus: health wellbeing
Actions: acts on determinants of wellbeing

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11
Q

What is disease prevention?

A

Focus: disease
Actions: ways of preventing incidence, prevalence, risk factors, or impacts of disease

3 levels to disease prevention: primary secondary tertiary

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12
Q

What is health protection?

A

Focus: environmental hazards
Actions: risk management, monitoring, risk communication, occupational health

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13
Q

What is the Alma Ata 1978?

A

A health promotion model declared in Kazakhstan on primary health care

Objective was to protect and promote health of all

Involved many pre-requisites:
peace and safety
shelter
education
food
income
stable ecosystem
social justice
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14
Q

What is the Ottawa Charter?

A

Health promotion model produced by WHO

Comprised of 3 basic strategies:
Enable
Advocate
Mediate

Objectives included:
Strengthen community action - community organsed services
Develop personal skills - education and awareness campaigns
Create supportive environments - infrastructure for safety in place
Reorient health services - enhance hospital experience
Building health public policy - taxation on harmful goods like alcohol tobacco

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15
Q

What are the 3 levels to disease prevention?

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

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16
Q

What is the primary level of disease prevention?

A

Limit the occurrence of the disease by controlling specific causes and risk factors

e.g. get COVID vaccination (before you become infected with COVID)

17
Q

What is the secondary level of disease prevention?

A

Reduce the more serious consequences of disease - occurs in the time between biological onset and clinical diagnosis

e.g. Regular screening programs for breast cancer in women aged 45-69

18
Q

What is the tertiary level of disease prevention?

A

Reduce the progress of complications of established disease

e.g. rehabilitation services for burn patients