L16 Prevention Promotion Protection: Approaches to taking action Flashcards
Why is prevention important?
There are limitations in curing disease and costs of medical care
What are the 3 population health actions?
Health promotion
Disease prevention
Health protection
What are the two types of strategies in applying population health actions?
Population based (mass) and high risk (individual) strategies
What is population based (mass) strategy?
Focuses on the whole population
Aims to reduce risks and improve outcome of all individuals in the population
Useful for a common disease or widespread cause
THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION CURVE WILL SHIFT
What is high risk (individual) strategy?
Focuses on individuals that are of high risk
Intervention is tailored to match the individual and their specific concerns
THE HIGH RISK PORTION OF NORMAL DISTRIBUTION WILL BE REDUCED
What are the advantages of population-based strategy?
Large potential benefit for the whole population Behaviorally appropriate (the health measures become the norm as they are applied to everyone)
What are disadvantages of population-based strategy?
Small benefit to individuals - may often be irrelevant
Whole population is exposed to downside of strategy
What are the advantages of high-risk strategy?
Appropriate to individuals - more motivating for the individual
Cost effective as resources are only applied to an individual rather than the whole population
What are the disadvantages of high-risk strategy?
Cost of screening - need to first identify those who are deemed to be at risk
Temporary effect - does not deal with the root of the problem
Limited potential - weak ability to predict future disease
Behaviorally inappropriate
What is health promotion?
Focus: health wellbeing
Actions: acts on determinants of wellbeing
What is disease prevention?
Focus: disease
Actions: ways of preventing incidence, prevalence, risk factors, or impacts of disease
3 levels to disease prevention: primary secondary tertiary
What is health protection?
Focus: environmental hazards
Actions: risk management, monitoring, risk communication, occupational health
What is the Alma Ata 1978?
A health promotion model declared in Kazakhstan on primary health care
Objective was to protect and promote health of all
Involved many pre-requisites: peace and safety shelter education food income stable ecosystem social justice
What is the Ottawa Charter?
Health promotion model produced by WHO
Comprised of 3 basic strategies:
Enable
Advocate
Mediate
Objectives included:
Strengthen community action - community organsed services
Develop personal skills - education and awareness campaigns
Create supportive environments - infrastructure for safety in place
Reorient health services - enhance hospital experience
Building health public policy - taxation on harmful goods like alcohol tobacco
What are the 3 levels to disease prevention?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary