L16: Mental Stress And Hypertension Flashcards
What does emotional stress increase
Cardiac output and blood pressure
What happens to the baroreceptor reflex during an alerting/defence response
The baroreceptor reflex is suppressed
If the baroreceptor reflex becomes suppressed what happens to the ABP
Increases
Name the areas in the brain where the alerting/defence response is evoked
Ventral hypothalamus Peri-aqua ductal grey matter Dorsal PAG Dorsal medulla Ventral medulla
Name the area in the brain where the alerting/defence response is modulated
Cortex
Where does the sensory afferents feed into in the alerting/defence response
Amygdala
Ventral hypothalamus
Midbrain peri aqueduct also grey
Dorsal medulla
Where is the signal sent form the defence areas to inhibit the baroreceptor reflex
NTS
Where does the defence areas also feed into
RVLM
Respiratory neurones
Nucleus ambiguus
What is the efferent outflow of the alerting defence responce when they feed into the RVLM
Sympathetic
What happens when the defence neurones feed into the respiratory neurones
Respiration
What is stimulates when the defence areas feed into the nucleus ambiguus
Parasympathetic vagal activity to the heart
What happens as a result of the alerting/defence response
Increased cardiac output
Increase ABP
If someone is chronically stressed what can this lead to
Essential hypertension
How does environmental stressors via defence area leads to essential hypertension
1) Increase in abp as a result of the defence area
2) increase in repeated abp increases SNS activity so this promotes hypertrophy of smooth muscles in arterioles
3) this reduces the radius of the arterioles lumen
4) this increases TPR which reinforces the increase in abp
What can you do to stop essential hypertension
Exercise
Relaxation therapy
Music yoga
