L06: Autonomic Pharmacology

Question 1

What are the 3 division of the autonomic NS

Answer 1

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Enteric

Question 2

What does the post ganglionic neurones of the sympathetic NS release

Answer 2

Noradrenaline or adrenaline

Question 3

What does the post ganglionic of the parasympathetic ns release

Answer 3

Ach

Question 4

What are the layers of the blood vessels

Answer 4

Tunica intima
Elastic interna
Tunica media
Tunica adventita

Question 5

What does the tunica adventita involve

Answer 5

Blood vessels and nerves

Question 6

What are the 2 main subtypes of the sympathetic receptros

Answer 6

Alpha

Beta

Question 7

In terms of the cardiac which adrenoceptor is relevant

Answer 7

Beta 1 adrenoceptor

Question 8

In terms of the blood vessels which adrenoceptors are relevant

Answer 8

Alpha 1 and alpha 2

Question 9

What does activating beta 1 adrenoceptor result in

Answer 9

Increased heart rate
Increased contractility
Increased relaxation and contractions

Question 10

Describe the intracellular pathway when a beta agonist binds to beta 1 adrenoceptor

Answer 10

1) beta 1 adrenoceptor is a GCPR and activates Gs
2) Gs stimulates adenylyl cyclase to produce CAMP
3) CAMP activates Protein kinase A
4) protein kinase A opens voltage gated calcium channels so calcium influx occurs
5) calcium influx causes the release of other calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
6) cross bridges are formed
7) calcium is then stored by being removed by SERCA

Question 11

What are beta 1 adrenoceptor agonist

Answer 11

Adrenaline

Dolbutamine

Question 12

What does adrenaline treat

Answer 12

No electrical rhyme

Sever arrhythmia

Question 13

What is dolbutamine used to treat

Answer 13

Low cardiac output

Question 14

What happens intracellular when an alpha adrenoceptor agonist binds to the receptor

Answer 14

1) Alpha 1 receptors are coupled to Gq which activates IP3
2) IP3 leads to the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
3) this causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels.

Question 15

What are the examples of alpha 1 agonist

Answer 15

Phenylephine
Midodrine
Droxidopa

Question 16

Give example of alpha 2 adreneceptor agonist

Answer 16

Clonidine

Brimonidine

Question 17

Name a drugs that is an alpha 1 antagonist

Answer 17

Doxazosin

Question 18

What does an alpha 1 antagonist cause

Answer 18

Vasodilation

Question 19

Name a beta blocker

Answer 19

Preponolol

Question 20

What is the role of beta blockers

Answer 20

Decrease contractility

Question 21

When is beta blockers used

Answer 21

In angina

Question 22

Name a drug that is an alpha and beta antagonist

Answer 22

Carvedilol

Question 23

When is carvedilol used

Answer 23

In heart failure

Question 24

What is the role of the parasympathetic NS

Answer 24

Slow heart rate

Slow AVN conduction

Question 25

Which receptors does ach from parasympathetic post ganglionic neurones act on

Answer 25

M2 muscarinic receptors

Question 26

What happens intracellular when ach binds to M2 receptors

Answer 26

1) M2 receptors are coupled to Gi proteins which inhibits adenylyl cyclase so CAMP is reduced 2) contraction doesn’t occur

Question 27

What is another intracellular pathway of ach within M2 receptors

Answer 27

1) activate potassium channels | 2) potassium influx causes hyper-polarisation

Question 28

Name an M2 receptor antagonist

Answer 28

Atropine

Question 29

When is atropine used

Answer 29

In bradycardia

Question 30

What are sympathetic nerve terminal

Answer 30

Bulges of nerve terminals that release noradrenaline

Question 31

What happens to noradrenaline at nerve terminals

Answer 31

they a taken back in to the terminal by noradrenaline transporter

Question 32

Which drugs block noradrenaline transporters

Answer 32

Cocaine

Question 33

At what other site is noradrenaline is taking in

Answer 33

Muscle and other cell types

Question 34

What happens to noradrenaline when is is taken back into the the nerve terminal

Answer 34

Brocken down by an enzyme called monoamine oxidase

Question 35

Which drugs block mono amine oxidase enzyme

Answer 35

Phenelzine

Question 36

What is noradrenaline made from in the nerve terminals

Answer 36

Dopa which is converted to dopamine then to noradrenaline

Question 37

Which drugs inhibit dopa so less noradrenaline is made

Answer 37

Methyldopa

Question 38

Which transporter release noradrenaline when it is made in the nerve terminals

Answer 38

Nor adrenaline transporter

Question 39

Which drugs can block noradrenaline transporters to noradrenaline is not released

Answer 39

Indirectly acting sympathomimetics amine

Question 40

What is metropol

Answer 40

Beta 1 blocker

Question 41

What is dobutamine

Answer 41

Beta 1 agonist

Question 42

What us salbutamol

Answer 42

Beta 1 agonist

Question 43

What is phenylephrine

Answer 43

Alpha 1 agonist

Question 44

What is doxazosin

Answer 44

Alpha 1 antagonist

Question 45

What is colonidine

Answer 45

Alpha 2 agonist