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CVS > 17: Exercise Traning And Rehabilitation > Flashcards

17: Exercise Traning And Rehabilitation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of exercise

A

Static

Dynamic

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2
Q

What is static exercise

A

Muscles have a high exerted intensity without the movement of their joints

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3
Q

What is dynamic exercise

A

Aerobic exercise

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4
Q

Examples of dynamic exercise

A

Running
Jumping
Cycling

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5
Q

What happens to the ABP in static exercise

A

Abp increases

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6
Q

What is the equation for ABP

A 
CO x TPR
Or
(SV X HR) X TRP
OR 
((EDV-ESV) x HR) X TPR
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7
Q

Why does the ABP increase in static exercise

A

Diastole and systolic pressure increase

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8
Q

What happens to the heart rate in static exercise

A

Increase

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9
Q

What happens to the blood flow in static exercise

A

Decrease

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10
Q

Why does the blood flow in static exercise decrease

A

Muscle contracts

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11
Q

What happens to the ABP during dynamic exercise

A

Slightly increases

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12
Q

Why does the ABP only slightly increase and not fully increase

A

Systolic increases and diastolic decreases

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13
Q

What happens to the blood flow in dynamic exercise

A

Blood flow increases in proportion to exercise

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14
Q

Why does diastolic decrease

A

Increase in blood flow increases TPR and therefore decreases diastolic pressure

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15
Q

What substances is exercise hyperaemia dependent on

A

Potassium
Adenosine
Phosphate

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16
Q

What is the role of the metabolic substances

A

To decrease TPR

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17
Q

Where are the metabolic substances released from

A

Muscles

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18
Q

What is the pattern of blood flow in dynamic exercise

A

Rhythmic

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19
Q

What is the pattern of blood flow in static exercise

A

Blood flow increases after contraction

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20
Q

How do potassium, adenosine and phosphate decrease the TPR

A

By dilating the vessels

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21
Q

How do we get the exercise reflex from being stimulated

A

Metabolic stimulates receptors of metaboreceptors and/or joint receptors (In dynamic)

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22
Q

Where do these receptors feed information into

A

The CNS of NTS

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23
Q

Where does the NTS feed information into

A

SLR (subthalmic locomotor region)

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24
Q

What happens at the SLR

A

Pattern of exercise integrated

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25
What does the SLR lead to
Increase in respiration Increase in HR and contractility to increase co Increase in SNS to all types of muscles to get vasoconstriction and increase TPR
26
Which neurone stimulates the increase in respiration
Central respiratory neurone
27
Which neurone increases HR and contractility
Nucleus ambiguus decreases to decrease PNS | RVLM increases to increase SNS
28
Which neurone causes the increase in vasoconstriction of all blood vessels
RVLM to sympathetic pre-ganglionic neurones
29
On top of all this what happens from the cortex i.e central commons
Cortex reinforces the SLR to reinforce the exercise reflex depending on the motivation of the person
30
At the end of the exercise reflect what do we get
Sympathetic vasoconstriction which overcomes the exercise hyperaemia so TPR changes little Baroreceptors reflex corrects the ABP to a higher set point
31
What happens in the skin circulation if the thermoregulation reflex occurs
Fall in diastolic pressure
32
When does the thermoregulatory reflex occur
When the temperature rises
33
Are the peripheral chemoreceptors stimulated if the pao2 and paco2 and PH remain constant
No
34
When do the peripheral chemoreceptors become stimulated
In anaerobic respiration
35
What happens to the levels of Pao2, paco2 and ph in anaerobic respiration
Pao2 increase Paco2 decrease Ph increase
36
What causes the decrease in ph in anaerobic exercise
Lactate acid formation
37
When the peripheral chemoreceptors are stimulated in anaerobic exercise what happens in the end
Ventilation increases
38
Which exercise is recommended to a patient with CVS disease
Dynamic
39
What happens to the reflexes in static exercise
Increase in exercise reflex Increase in peripheral chemoreceptors due to accumulation of lactic acid Produced pain
40
What responses are involved in acute exercise
Increase in metabolic dilation due to potassium, hydorgen ion and adenosine Increase in cardiac output to muscles
41
What happens in repeated exercise i.e trading
Adaptation
42
What is the vo2 max
The rate of o2 from the lungs to the mitochondria
43
What does the rate of VO2 depend on
Muscle perfusion Rate of o2 uptake Rate of mitochondria uptake
44
Therefore what is improved in training
Vo2 max | Muscle perfusion
45
What is the vo2 max dependent on
Cardiac output Haematocrit Resting vo2
46
What changes occur to the heart when you train
Eccentric hypertrophy
47
What is eccentric hypertrophy
Increase in chamber size without an increase in the wall thickening
48
Which chambers increase in size by eccentric hypertrophy
Left and right ventricles
49
What causes eccentric hypertrophy
Growth factors
50
When are growth factors released
During aerobic exercise
51
What happens to the EDV in training
Increases
52
Why does EDV increase
Increased chamber size due to eccentric hypertrophy Increased blood volume increased central venous pressure i.e venous return
53
What does an increase in EDV to do the SV
Increase SV
54
What does increase in SV cause
Increased contractility and therefore increases CO
55
What happens to the HR in someone who is trained
Decreases
56
Why does the HR decrease
To achieve the same co
57
What is the equation for CO
Sv x hr
58
What causes a resting bradycardia
Increased tonic vagal activity i.e PNS Increased ACH release of SAN to simulate muscarinic receptors Decreases intrinsic pacemaker activity Decreased SNS activity to the SAN
59
Overall what happens to the ABP in someone who is trained | Think about the equation of ABP=CO X TPR) or (ABP=(SVxHR) x TPR
Decreases
60
In a normal person what is the diffusion distance between the cardiac myocyte and the capillary
Low
61
What happens to the diffusion distance in eccentric hypertrophy
Low
62
Why is the diffusion distance low if the cardiac myocytes increase in length
We get an increased number of capillaries and arterioles which increase the O2 transport
63
What muscle changes occur to increase vo2 max
``` Increase in capillary density Increased arterioles Increases muscle mitochondria Increases muscle myoglobin Arterial expansion ```
64
What happens to the haematocrit in a trained person
Increases as they train at a high altitude i.e hypoxia which increases RBC production by stimulating erythropoiesis
65
What does an increase in RBC do to the VO2 max
Increase it
66
What will training in a cvs patient do
Eccentric hypertrophy | Increase ionotrophy
67
What does the NICE guidelines recommend to people at risk of CVD
Moderate aerobic exercise or vigorous exercise | Should avoid heavy lifting i.e static exercise
68
What are the long term benefits of exercising
``` Reduced ABP Control BMI Improve cholesterol Reduce anxiety Reduce diabetes risk due to increase in glucose transport Recover from mycardial infarction ```

CVS (19 decks)

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