Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Unit 2 Micobio > L16: Meningitis > Flashcards

L16: Meningitis Flashcards

1
Q

Meningitis is infection of the

A

subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

higher incidence of meningitis

A

infants, elderly, developing countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pathogens considered community acquired meningitis (3)

A

S Pneumoniae
H influenzae
N meningitidis
normally able to colonize respiratory tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

pathogens considered hospital acquired meningitis

A

G- rods
S aureus
other strep and staph
iatrogenic procedures, immunocompromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3 pathways to gain access to the CNS

A
  1. Invasion of bloodstream and seeding of CNS (most common)
  2. Retrograde neuronal pathway (ex Naegleria)
  3. Direct contagious spread: infection, congenital malformation, trauma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Meningitis presentation

A

Triad: Fever+Headache+Neck stiffness

+/- N/V, sleepiness, confusion, irritability, delirium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Encephalitis is

A

inflammation of the parenchyma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

increases the permeability of the blood brain barrier

A

release of inflammatory cytokines→ WBC diapedesis into CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Neonatal factors that predispose for meningitis

A

immaturity of host defense mechanisms or organ systems, low birth weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Maternal factors that predispose for meningitis

A

premature rupture of membranes, urogenital infection during late term, intrauterine infection during early term, invasion of the uterine space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 causative agents of neonatal meningitis

A

Strep agalactiae
E coli
Listeria monocytogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Presentation of neonatal meningitis

A

Bulging fontanelle, high pitched cry, hypotonia, paradoxical irritability (crying when held)

Other:
Hyperthermia (more common, could be hypothermic), V/D/A, distention, lethargy, irritability, seizures, dyspnea/apnea, cyanosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Prevention of neonatal meningitis

A

Universal prenatal screening for vaginal/rectal colonization with group B strep at 35-37 weeks gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

if the mother is (+) for group B strep

A

antibiotic prophylaxis unless:

  1. C-section planned
  2. Membranes have ruptured/labor begun
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Strep agalactiae morphology

A

G+ coccus

Capsular polysaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Strep agalactiae produces

A

Hyaluronidase
Collagenase
Hemolysin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Strep agalactiae occurs during ____ in ____

A

Winter, neonates and adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Strep agalactiae in neonates is usually transmitted

A

during delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Early onset Strep agalactiae symptoms

A

maternal obstetric complications, symptoms during first 5 days of life.
Bacteremia, pneumonia, meningitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Late onset Strep agalactiae symptoms

A

maternal obstetric complications uncommon. Symptoms develop 7 days-3 months of age.
Bone/joint infections, bacteremia with concomitant/fulminant meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Labs for Strep agalactiae

A

(+) CAMP factor: accentuation of hemolysis due to interaction w/staph beta lysin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Culture of Strep agalactiae

A

Isolate organism from:
1. Normally sterile areas: CSF, blood→ definitive
2. Mixed flora areas: vagina, skin
Gray-white colonies with a narrow zone of beta-hemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Accuprobe can detect

A

Strep agalactiae

Listeria monocytogene

24
Q

E coli morphology

A

G- enteric bacillus

Encapsulated K1 strains

25
Q

who/how get E coli meningitis

A

Rectal colonization of mother’s vagina
NOT an endogenous infection
Rare in adults, can follow neurosurgical trauma

26
Q

Most common bacterial cause. Most common cause in recurrent infections.

A

Streptococcus Pneumoniae

27
Q

Streptococcus Pneumoniae presentation

A

Acute purulent meningitis may follow pneumococcal pneumonia, infection at other site, or appear with no antecedent infection

28
Q

Streptococcus Pneumoniae risk

A

Risk: All ages, elderly. Multiple myeloma, sickle cell, cardiorespiratory disease, congenital defects

29
Q

Streptococcus Pneumoniae occurs in the ____ in _____

A

Winter, infant, children, adults (elderly)

30
Q

Haemophilus influenzae morphology

A

Nonmotile, G- coccobacillus

Lipooligosaccharide (LOS)

31
Q

Haemophilus influenzae presentation

A

Prior URI/otitis media → deterioration, meningitis

32
Q

Haemophilus influenzae occurs in the _____ in ____

A

Hib: later winter/early spring, infants

33
Q

Listeria monocytogene morphology

A

G+ motile coccobacillus

Numerous serotypes, 3 in most cases

34
Q

Listeria monocytogene is a _______

A

Facultative intracellular pathogen: in epithelial cells, macrophages, monocytes

35
Q

Listeria monocytogene virulence factors

A

LPS like surface component: antiphagocytic.
→ induces complement dependent hemolytic antibodies

Listeriolysin O: disrupts the phagolysosome membrane, inhibits antigen processing, induces apoptosis

36
Q

the one pathogen more common in summer

A

Listeria monocytogene

37
Q

Listeria monocytogene is seen in the _____ and _____

A

summer, newborns and predisposed adults

38
Q

Listeria monocytogene sources

A

Worldwide, plants, soil, feces, vegetable and animal food sources
Human and animal carriers

39
Q

Listeria monocytogene presentation in a normal patient

A

eliminated by immune system

40
Q

Listeria monocytogene presentation in an immunocompromised patient

A

intra and extracellular multiplication → systemic disease

cancer/renal transplant→ leading cause of meningitis→ brain stem encephalitis

41
Q

Listeria monocytogene can cause

A

Sepsis or meningitis

42
Q

Listeria monocytogene in utero

A

tillbirth, abortion, death OR pneumonia, seizures, skin lesions→ high mortality if undiagnosed

43
Q

Listeria monocytogene from mother’s genital tract

A

neonatal meningitis

44
Q

culturing Listeria monocytogene

A

Requires reduced oxygen tension for in vitro growth
Nonfastidious, grows from 0-50 C

Pleomorphic, grown on blood agar
→ 60% of meningitis cases are negative
→ Tissues must be homogenized before culture

45
Q

“Tumbling” motility in hanging drop preparation

A

Listeria monocytogene

46
Q

meningococcal means

A

Neisseria meningitidis

47
Q

Neisseria meningitidis morphology

A

G-, kidney bean shaped diplococci
Encapsulated
Disease causing serotypes: A, B, C, Y, W135

48
Q

most important serotype of Neisseria meningitidis

A

B

49
Q

Trumemba prevents

A

Neisseria meningitidis (in everyone)

50
Q

Neisseria meningitidis reservoir

A

Human reservoir
Asymptomatic/slightly symptomatic nasopharyngeal carriers: Chronic, Immune, Nonimmune

Infection by close contact

51
Q

Neisseria meningitidis is seen during the _____ in _____

A

winter, infants/children

52
Q

Skin rash: widespread petechiae, pink macules within hour

+/- DIC, G- shock

A

Neisseria meningitidis

53
Q

Neisseria meningitidis presentation

A 
Transient bacteremia+fever→ spontaneous resolution in 1-2 days
Acute meningococcemia (rash)→ meningitis
54
Q

how Neisseria meningitidis causes disease

A
  1. Entry through oropharynx
  2. Spread through blood (hematogenous)
  3. Diseases: meningitis or other sites
  4. Exit through oropharynx
55
Q

Neisseria meningitidis at home diagnostics

A

Tumbler test: press a glass tumbler to rash:

  1. Does not change color → contact doctor: meningitis
  2. Fades/loses color under pressure→ unlikely to be meningitis
56
Q

Neisseria meningitidis culture/detection

A

Gram stain CSF
Culture: blood, CSF
Detect capsular polysaccharide in CSF

57
Q

agars for Neisseria meningitidis

A

Fastidious, culture blood, CSF:
chocolate agar
Thayer-martin agar: Mueller Hinton supplemented with sheep RBC, abx: vancomycin, colistin, nystatin, bactrim

Unit 2 Micobio (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions