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Unit 2 Micobio > L13: Bacterial Pneumonias II > Flashcards

L13: Bacterial Pneumonias II Flashcards

1
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae morphology

A

Smallest
Lack cell walls→ stain poorly, pleomorphic shape
Plasma membranes contain sterols→ fusing to host cell membrane→ disguise

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2
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae can cause

A

atypical CAP

Also causes otitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, tracheobronchitis (chest cold)

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3
Q

Atypical CAP caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae presentation

A

Non-productive cough 1-2 months, crackles, HA, chest pain, fever (except in <5 years)

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4
Q

is mycoplasma pneumoniae immunity long term?

A

no

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5
Q

mycoplasma pneumonia releases

A

hydrogen peroxide→ damage

Prevents clearance of airway→ colonization

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6
Q

lack cell walls, has sterols

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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7
Q

fried egg appearance on culture

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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8
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae CXR

A

patchy infiltrates

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9
Q

cold agglutinin assay

A

used to detect Mycoplasma pneumoniae by IgM antibodies that bind to the I antigen on the surface of RBCs at 4 C

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10
Q

mycoplasma pneumniae reservoir

A

HUMANS ONLY

person-to-person by respiratory droplets

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11
Q

chlmaydophila pneumoniae morphology

A

Tiny, non-motic coccoid, G-

Obligate intracellular parasites

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12
Q

2 forms of chlamydophila pneumoniae

A

Elementary body: infectious, endocytosed by cell→ Reticulate body: intracellular, replicates, becomes elementary body for release and reinfection

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13
Q

chlamydophila pneumoniae virulence factors

A

2 exotoxins

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14
Q

chlamydophila pneumoniae causes

A

Atypical CAP
+/- asymptomatic, mild sx
Non-productive cough, malaise for weeks/months

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15
Q

who gets chlamydophila pneumoniae

A

> 60 years

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16
Q

chlamydophila pneumoniae causes damage by

A

Replication→ Direct tissue destructionand inflammatory response

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17
Q

how to culture chlamydophilia pneumoniae

A

it’s difficult

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18
Q

immunity to chlamydophilia pneumoniae

A

Inflammatory response by neutrophils→ short term immunity

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19
Q

what to look for on microscopy of chlamydophilia pneumoniae

A

inclusions (RBs)

20
Q

how else to detect chlamydophilia pneumoniae

A

serology

PCR

21
Q

inclusions on microscopy

A

chlamydophilia pneumoniae

22
Q

reservoir for chlamydophilia pneumoniae

A

person-to-person via respiratory droplets

23
Q

Legionaella pneumphila morphology

A

Most are serogroup 1
Thin, pleomorphic, G- bacillus
Fimbriae, single, polar flagellum
Beta lactamase producer

24
Q

Legionaella pneumphila reservoir

A

in nature, survive in protozoans

nature and moist environments

Aerosol transmission

NO person-to-person transmission

25
Q

risk of legionella

A

Large inoculum
Compromised pulmonary or immune function:
Smoking, CHF, Chronic lung disease, elderly, alcoholics, immunosuppression

26
Q

immunity of legionella

A

long lasting

27
Q

legionella MOA

A

Inhalation of aerosols→ opsonized with C3b→ phagocytosis by macrophages→ facultative intracellular parasite: inhibit phagolysosome fusion→ replication inside phagosome→ phagolysosome lyses→ release chemotactic factors→ host cell dies, bacteria released

28
Q

intracellular facultative macrophage parasite

chemotactic factors

A

legionella

29
Q

Pontiac fever

A

Caused by legionella

self-limited, 2-5 days, resolves spontaneously: fever, chills, malaise, myalgia, HA, no pneumonia

30
Q

Legionnaire’s disease

A

severe, acute atypical CAP with high mortality rate. 2-10 day incubation→ abrupt onset of fever, chills, dry cough, HA, GI and neuro sx, death due to shock or respiratory failure

31
Q

how acute fibropurulent necrotizing pneumonia occurs in Legionnaire’s disease

A

Release of chemotactic factors→ influx of monocytes and PMNs→ increased serum proteins, deposition of fibrin in alveoli, release of enzymes and cytokines

32
Q

gold standard for legionella diagnsoss

A

Culture on buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE) medium

33
Q

rapid test for antigen production of legionella

A

URINE

EIA: highly sensitive but only serotype 1

34
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa morphology

A

G- aerobic motile bacillus w/single flagellum

35
Q

who does pseudomonas infect

A

Not extremely virulent→ requires compromised host

Opportunistic

36
Q

pseudomonas can cause

A

UTI
pneumonia following respiratory therapy
Contaminated hot tubs→ skin, ear infection
Contaminated contact lenses→ eye infection
2nd leading cause of infection in burn patients
Common cause of death in cystic fibrosis

37
Q

where is pseudomonas found/how it’s transmitted

A

Widespread in environment

Used for bioremediation

Carriage on skin and in feces, transmission via fomites, plants, fruits, hands

Opportunistic

38
Q

Diagnosis of pseudomonas without tools

A

blue-green tinged sputum
patient may fluoresce
“fruity-smell”

39
Q

how to culture pseudomonas

A

BAP or MacConkey media

40
Q

Pyoverdin

A

green fluorescence:

41
Q

Pyocyanin

A

blue “pus” virulence factor

catalyzes ROS production→ tissue damage

42
Q

blue green color of pseudomonas is

A

water soluble

fluorescent

43
Q

Elastases of pseudomonas

A

LasA, LasB

Work synergistically

44
Q

Exotoxin A

A

Pseudomonas

A-B exotoxin (diphtheria, EF-2) → ciliastasis in the trachea, immunosuppression

45
Q

Alginate

A

Pseudomonas
mucoid polysaccharide/slime layer
Adherence, inhibits mucociliary escalator (cystic fibrosis), antiphagocytic glycocalyx: inhibits complement, antibodies

46
Q

Other pseudomonas virulence factors

A

Pili for attachment in clinical isolates

LPS endotoxin: shock, pyrogenic, DIC, necrosis

Unit 2 Micobio (9 decks)

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