L11 Respiratory Tract Infections: RSV and PIV Flashcards
Croup etiology
PIV Type 1 > PIV Type 2/3 > RSV
croup age group
6-18 months
croup symptoms
fever, hoarseness, barking cough
Croup’s barking cough is due to is due to
complication of upper respiratory tract infection that creates tracheal constriction below the vocal cords
Parainfluenza virus (PIV) was
originally thought to be the true influenza virus
Is now known to be a paramyxovirus
Paramyxoviruses (3)
RSV
Measles
Mumps
Paramyxoviruses
Nonsegmented
Negative sense ssRNA genome
Enveloped
4 known serotypes
causes syncytia formation of paramyxoviruses
Novel fusion protein (F)
Serotypes of paramyxoviruses
hemagluttinin and neuraminidase activites on the same peplomer molecule
PIV life cycle
enters respiratory tract
replicates in upper respiratory tract/nasal turbinates ciliated epithelial cells
PIV incubation
2-6 days
PIV symptoms
harsh cough
rhinitis
sore throat
SOB
PIV may invade lower airways in those at risk:
Infants
Young children
Closed poulations
Military recruits
PIV complications
otitis media
Parotitis
PIVs that are seasonal
Types 1 and 2
fall/winter epidemics, prevalent in children
PIV that isn’t seasonal
type 3
endemic, most children have antibody by one year
newly observed PIV
type 4
PIV immunity
not lifelong, repeat infections with homotypic virus are observed
reservoirs for infant PIV illness
Caregivers with minor colds
how to diagnose PIV
direct viral isolation from throat swab
direct FAB test
PIV vaccine
ain’t any
RSV stands for
respiratory syncytical virus
RSV season
annual winter outbreaks in infants
RSV symptoms
cough
dyspnea
cyanosis
+/- croup
Most common cause of croup
PIV 1 and 2
** mentioned like 3 times in the lecture **
mental state + RSV
may exacerbate dyspnea due to panic
symptoms of RSV are due to
inflammatory response to infection: IgE, T cells
how to diagnose RSV
Rapid antigen tests
Nucleic acid tests
Serology- 4x rise (weak)
who to screen with a rapid antigen tests
all infants with clinical RSV symptoms
most common etiology of lower respiratory tract infection in children under 4
RSV
peak incidence of RSV
infants under 1 year
highest hospitalization rate from RSV
infants 2-3 years
increased risks associated with RSV
underlying disease
premature birth
if you’re born ________, you have the worst chances with RSV
3-4 months before RSV season
SARS stands for
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
SARS is a
novel coranovirus that emerged in chinal
SARS sperad
respiratory
fecal-oral
SARS has a _______ but is ______
high fatality rate
presumed to be extinct
MERS stands for
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
MERS is a
novel coranovirus
large outbreak of MERS in
South Korea
multiple threat agensts, GI and respiratory systems
Coronaviruses
have zoonotic reservoirs
Coronaviruses
viruses makes respiratory tract infections common because
antibiotics are ineffective
most don’t have vaccines
acute illness makes respiratory tract infections common because
patients may infect others before showing symptoms
many respiratory tract infections are transmitted by _________ which makes them super common
healthy carrier reservoirs
