(L15) Stem Cell Applications

Question 1

What are the characteristics of stem cells?

L15 S8

Answer 1

• not terminally differentiated
• can divide without limit
• slow division
• when dividing, give rise to 1 stem cell and 1 cell that will differentiate

Question 2

What are totipotent, pluripotent, and multipotent stem cells?
Where are they seen?

L15 S9

Answer 2

Totipotent:

• can give rise to all cell types, embryonic tissue, and extraembryonic tisses
• seen in the first 16 cells of a zygote

Pluripotent:

• can give rise to all cell types and embryonic tissues
• inner cell mass of blastocyst

Multipotent:

• can give rise to all cell types but only of a certain lineage
• adult stem cells

Question 3

What are founder stem cells?

L15 S14

Answer 3

Stem cells that are generated early in development and have a fixed number of divisions they will undergo.

This responsible for limiting the size of the final structure they will produce

Question 4

What are transit amplifying cells?

L15 S15

Answer 4

Differentiating stem cell that leaves the basal layer.

It has a finite amount of divisions and once it is done, all its progeny will be terminally differentiated.

Question 5

What transcription factors are essential for pluripotent stem cells?

L15 S27

Answer 5

• Nanog
• Oct4
• Sox2
• FoxD3

Question 6

What is the difference between hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells?

L15 S30

Answer 6

Both found in bone marrow

HSC:
-differentiates into RBCs, WBCs, and platelets

MSC:
-differentiates into connective tissue, heart/skeletal muscle tissue, and nerve tissue

Question 7

What are induced pluripotent stem cells?

L15 S41-42

Answer 7

Introduction of certain transcription factors to adult cells causing them to gain pluripotent stem cell properties

High risk of teratoma formation

Question 8

What is SCNT?

L15 S44

Answer 8

Egg cell has nucleus removed and is fused with and adult cell.

Growth will generate pluripotent stem cells