L15 Single Vision Dispensing Flashcards
Spectacle Magnification
Ratio of retinal image size in the corrected eye, to that in the uncorrected eye
Spectacle Magnification depends on
- power factor = power of the lens
- shape factor = form and thickness of the lens
- BVD
SM EQUATION
SM=[1/(1-dF’V)] x [1/(1-t/nF1)]
d is from the back of the glasses to the entrance point of the pupil
SM for myope/Hypermetrope
- for a hyperope it is greater than 1 = magnification
- for a myope it is less than 1 = minification
- has no units
How to increase spectacle magnification
- increase power of F1 - but can’t really change it
- increase thickness - by altering curves
- decrease n
- increase d for hypermetrope ( increase vertex distance)
- decrease d for a myope ( decrease vertex distance)
- a thin lens makes magnification less
Why calculate spectacle magnification?
- anisometropia
- differential prism
Anisometropia
= an unequal refractive power ( around 2D) bet the 2 eyes
- results in aniseikonia - a diff on the retinal image size bet the eyes resulting from the difference in rx
Differential prism
If prism encountered by each eye is different then the px will experience differential prismatic effect
- can cause Diplopia, eye strain, headaches and general discomfort
Near vision point
=point to which eyes go to read
- 8 to 10mm down and 2mm in - in is due to vergence
P=cF
- from this relationship we can see that for every 1Ds of anisometropia there will be 1 prism diopter of differential prism
- we can cope more vertically with differential prism than horizontally
Size/ orthogonal lenses for Anisokonia
- if there is an intolerance in the variation in SM bet the 2 eyes then we can dispense a size lens
- these lenses have a back surface power of 0Ds so don’t change the rx
- here, the back vertex power and the vertex distance are fixed, meaning we can’t change the power factor
- alters the shape factor
Magnification if shape factor of an a afocal size lens
-tF2/10n
Solutions for differential prism
1) separate pairs
2) franklin splint
3) bonded Plano prism
4) slab off
Franklin split
- not usually dispensed
- 2 half lenses cemented together in the frame
- ugly, thick
- info in first half of the lens could be diff to second half
Bonded Plano prism
- looks like a bifocal
- stuck on top of lens
Slab off
- way of working prismatic effect into one half of the lens
- works vertically and not horizontally
- can remove/ add prism to parts of lenses